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There have been a few published versions of Toaq: | There have been a few published versions of Toaq: | ||
* '''Toaq (Dzu) | * '''Toaq (Dzu) Alpha''', released in August 2013, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20150427014613/http://selpahi.de/ToaqAlphaPrimer.html here]. | ||
* '''Toaq | * '''Toaq Beta''', released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20170924135345/http://toaq.org/ here]. | ||
* '''Toaq | * '''Toaq Gamma''', released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the [https://toaq.net/gamma Gamma refgram]. | ||
* '''Toaq | * '''Toaq Delta''', the current version, released 6 December 2022 on [https://toaq.net toaq.net], documented in the [https://toaq.net Delta refgram]. | ||
Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq | Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot. | ||
Between the | Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were [[Changes since Public Beta|gradual official changes]] in the language as spoken on [[Discord]] and elsewhere. | ||
== Comparison of versions == | == Comparison of versions == | ||
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! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#eaccd0" | Alpha (2013) | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#eaccd0" | Alpha (2013) | ||
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#efe7d0" | Beta (2017) | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#efe7d0" | Beta (2017) | ||
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:# | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#caf0dc" | Gamma (2021) | ||
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#cadcf0" |Delta (2022) | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#cadcf0" |Delta (2022) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|/m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18) | |/m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18) | ||
|Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21) | |Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21) | ||
|Gamma + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">w ~ j</span>/ (22) | |Gamma + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">w~j</span>/ (22) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Vowels | !Vowels | ||
|/a e i o u/ | |/a e i o u/ | ||
| /a e i o u/ | |/a e i o u/ | ||
| | |/a e i o u <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ə</span>/ | ||
| | |/a e i o u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Phonotactics | !Phonotactics | ||
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| Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}} | | Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}} | ||
| {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)--> | | {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)--> | ||
|4: {{ | |4: {{Done|1}}{{Done|2}}{{Done|3}}{{Done|4}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!“You are very beautiful” | !“You are very beautiful” | ||
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|{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | |{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | ||
|{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | |{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | ||
|{{t| | |{{t|Jaq de súq da.}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!“The John who met you is my friend” | !“The John who met you is my friend” | ||
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|{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}} | |{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}} | ||
|{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}} | |{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}} | ||
|{{t|<u>Paı</u> mí Jaq <u>ꝡë</u> <u>geq</u> hóa súq jí | |{{t|<u>Paı</u> mí Jaq <u>ꝡë</u> <u>geq</u> hóa súq jí da.}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
== Toaq Alpha == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!# | |||
!Tone | |||
!ASCII | |||
!Meaning | |||
!In Modern Delta Terms | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|{{tone|1}} | |||
|a- | |||
|predicate | |||
|{{Done|1}} | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|{{tone|2}} | |||
|a/ | |||
|argument | |||
|{{tone|2}} (sá X?) | |||
|- | |||
|3 | |||
|{{Tonebig|b}} | |||
|a° | |||
|non-term sentence relative clause | |||
|{{Done|4}} but with the highest scope. It can evade stuff like sentence-wide negation. | |||
|- | |||
|4 | |||
|{{tone|4}} | |||
|a? | |||
|arg. relative clause | |||
|{{T|ꝡë}} | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|{{Done|4}} | |||
|a^ | |||
|arg. preposition | |||
|transitive {{Done|4}} | |||
|- | |||
|6 | |||
|{{tone|6}} | |||
|a\ | |||
|sentence preposition | |||
|{{Done|4}} {{T|ꝡä}} | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|{{tone|7}} | |||
|a~ | |||
|adverb | |||
|intransitive {{Done|4}} | |||
|- | |||
|8 | |||
|{{Tonebig|ud}} | |||
|a. | |||
|compound | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|9 | |||
|{{tone|8}} | |||
|a | |||
|particle | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Comparison of phonology == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="17" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Comparison of Toaq Beta, Gamma and Delta Finals | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | a | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | aQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | aı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ao | |||
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| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#ffff6d;" | ay | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | e | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eı | |||
| | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ea | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eaQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eo | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eoQ | |||
| | |||
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| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#A1467E;" | eaı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | eao | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | eoı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | eu | |||
| | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | euQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#ffff6d;" | ey | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıQ | |||
| | |||
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| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıa | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıaQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıo | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıoQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıe | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıeQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıaı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıao | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıoı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#A1467E;" | ıu | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıeı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıuQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#ffff6d;" | ıy | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | o | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#FFFF6D;" | ou | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oa | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oaQ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oe | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#A1467E;" | oeQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#A1467E;" | oaı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | oao | |||
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| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | oeı | |||
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| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#ffff6d;" | oy | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | u | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uQ | |||
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| | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ua | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uaQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uo | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uoQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ue | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ueQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uaı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uao | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#A1467E;" | uoı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ueı | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | uıQ | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#ffff6d;" | uy | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#FFFF6D;" | y | |||
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|} | |||
'''Yellow''': Toaq Delta only<br/> | |||
'''Blue''': Toaq Gamma only<br/> | |||
'''Purple''': Toaq Gamma and Toaq Delta only<br/> | |||
'''Else''': All three versions | |||
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