Derani: Difference between revisions

From The Toaq Wiki
(Update encoding of Derani text)
(like wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitespace_character)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''Derani alphabet''' (Toaq: {{derani|󱛘󱚺󱛊󱛎󱛃󱚴󱚺󱚲󱚴󱚷󱚺󱛙 󱚰󱚹 󱛓󱚶󱚴󱚻󱚺󱛂󱚹󱛓|áofabeta mı Deranı}}) is the official native writing system of Toaq, first introduced in [[Toaq Delta]]. It is the successor of [[Hoelai]].
The '''Derani alphabet''' (Toaq: {{derani|󱛘󱚺󱛊󱛎󱛃󱚴󱚺󱚲󱚴󱚷󱚺󱛙 󱚰󱚹 󱛓󱚶󱚴󱚻󱚺󱚵󱚹󱛓|áofabeta mı Deranı}}) is the official native writing system of Toaq, first introduced in [[Toaq Delta]]. It is the successor of [[Hoelai]].


== Symbols ==
== Symbols ==
Line 11: Line 11:
!IPA
!IPA
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚰}}</span>
|M
|M
| {{derani||mameı}}  
| {{derani|󱚰󱚺󱚰󱚴󱛎󱚹|mameı}}  
|/m/
|/m/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚲}}</span>
|B, U
|B, U
| {{derani||bubue}}
| {{derani|󱚲󱚲󱚲󱚲󱛍󱚴|bubue}}
|/b/, /u/
|/b/, /u/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚳}}</span>
|P
|P
| {{derani||pıpoq}}
| {{derani|󱚳󱚹󱚳󱛃󱛂|pıpoq}}
|/pʰ/
|/pʰ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚴}}</span>
|F, E
|F, E
| {{derani||fofuaq}}
| {{derani|󱚴󱛃󱚴󱚲󱛍󱚺󱛂|fofuaq}}
|/f/, /ɛ/
|/f/, /ɛ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚵}}</span>
|N
|N
| {{derani||nanaq}}
| {{derani|󱚵󱚺󱚵󱚺󱛂|nanaq}}
|/n/
|/n/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚶}}</span>
|D
|D
| {{derani||dudeo}}
| {{derani|󱚶󱚲󱚶󱚴󱛍󱛃|dudeo}}
|/d/
|/d/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚷}}</span>
|T
|T
| {{derani||tıtıeq}}  
| {{derani|󱚷󱚹󱚷󱚹󱛍󱚴󱛂|tıtıeq}}  
|/tʰ/
|/tʰ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚸}}</span>
|Z
|Z
| {{derani||zozeo}}
| {{derani|󱚸󱛃󱚸󱚴󱛍󱛃|zozeo}}
|/d͡z/
|/d͡z/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚹}}</span>
|C, I
|C, I
| {{derani||cecoa}}
| {{derani|󱚹󱚴󱚹󱛃󱛍󱚺|cecoa}}
|/t͡sʰ/, /i/
|/t͡sʰ/, /i/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚺}}</span>
|S, A
|S, A
| {{derani||saqseoq}}
| {{derani|󱚺󱚺󱛂󱚺󱚴󱛍󱛃󱛂|saqseoq}}
|/s/, /a/
|/s/, /a/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚻}}</span>
|R
|R
| {{derani||raırua}}
| {{derani|󱚻󱚺󱛎󱚹󱚻󱚲󱛍󱚺|raırua}}
|/ɾ/
|/ɾ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚼}}</span>
|L
|L
| {{derani||laolıq}}
| {{derani|󱚼󱚺󱛎󱛃󱚼󱚹󱛂|laolıq}}
|/l/
|/l/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚽}}</span>
|NH
|NH
| {{derani||nhanhoq}}
| {{derani|󱚽󱚺󱚽󱛃󱛂|nhanhoq}}
|/ɲ/
|/ɲ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚾}}</span>
|J
|J
| {{derani||jujuo}}  
| {{derani|󱚾󱚲󱚾󱚲󱛍󱛃|jujuo}}  
|/d͡ʑ/
|/d͡ʑ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚿}}</span>
|CH
|CH
| {{derani||chıchao}}
| {{derani|󱚿󱚹󱚿󱚺󱛎󱛃|chıchao}}
|/t͡ɕʰ/
|/t͡ɕʰ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛀}}</span>
|SH
|SH
| {{derani||shoshıa}}
| {{derani|󱛀󱛃󱛀󱚹󱛍󱚺|shoshıa}}
|/ɕ/
|/ɕ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span><ref group="note" name=":0">Tone marks cannot attach to this letter due to its shape. They attach to the letter after it instead.</ref>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛁}}</span><ref group="note" name=":0">Tone marks cannot attach to this letter due to its shape. They attach to the letter after it instead.</ref>
|Ꝡ
|Ꝡ
| {{derani||ꝡeꝡa}}
| {{derani|󱛁󱚴󱛁󱚺|ꝡeꝡa}}
|/w~j/
|/w~j/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛂}}</span>
|Q
|Q
| {{derani||aq'aq}}
| {{derani|󱚺󱛂󱚺󱛂|aq'aq}}
|/ŋ/
|/ŋ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛃}}</span>
|G, O
|G, O
| {{derani||guguı}}
| {{derani|󱛃󱚲󱛃󱚲󱛍󱚹|guguı}}
|/ɡ/, /o/
|/ɡ/, /o/
|-
|-
| <span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛄}}</span>
|K
|K
| {{derani||kıkue}}  
| {{derani|󱛄󱚹󱛄󱚲󱛍󱚴|kıkue}}  
|/kʰ/
|/kʰ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span><ref name=":0" group="note" /><ref group="note" name=":1">O'aomo is always written in word-medial positions. In a word-initial position, it is only written if the letter after the first vowel letter is also a vowel letter, with no hiatus or diphthong mark between them.</ref>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛅}}</span><ref name=":0" group="note" /><ref group="note" name=":1">O'aomo is always written in word-medial positions. In a word-initial position, it is only written if the letter after the first vowel letter is also a vowel letter, with no hiatus or diphthong mark between them.</ref>
|'
|'
| {{derani||o'aomo}}
| {{derani|󱛃󱛅󱚺󱛎󱛃󱚰󱛃|o'aomo}}
|/ʔ/
|/ʔ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛆}}</span>
|H
|H
| {{derani||hehaq}}
| {{derani|󱛆󱚴󱛆󱚺󱛂|hehaq}}
|/h/
|/h/
|}
|}
Line 124: Line 124:
<references group="note" />
<references group="note" />


Diacritics are put under diphthongs and hiatuses to help with reading.
{| class="wikitable"
!Diphthong mark ({{Derani|◌󱛎◌}})
!Hiatus mark ({{Derani|◌󱛍◌}})
|-
|{{Derani|󱛆󱚺󱛎󱚹|haı}}
|{{Derani|󱛆󱚹󱛍󱚺|hia}}
|-
|{{Derani|󱚷󱚺󱛎󱛃|tao}}
|{{Derani|󱚷󱛃󱛍󱚺|toa}}
|-
|{{Derani|󱚼󱚴󱛎󱚹|leı}}
|{{Derani|󱚼󱚹󱛍󱚴|lıe}}
|}
When reading, one should assume that the first letter is a consonant. If the second letter is consonant-only, the first letter should be a vowel.
When reading, one should assume that the first letter is a consonant. If the second letter is consonant-only, the first letter should be a vowel.


Prefixes are separated from the main word by a {{derani|}} after the last prefix.
Prefixes are separated from the main word by a {{derani|󱛒}} after the last prefix.


=== [[Tones]] ===
===[[Tones]]===


The first tone {{done|1}} is not marked.
The first tone {{done|1}} is not marked.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Tone
!Tone  
!Derani
!Derani
!Latin
! Latin
|-
|-
|1 (falling)
|1 (falling)
| {{derani|◌}}
|{{derani|◌}}
|◌
|◌
|-
|-
|2 (rising)
|2 (rising)
| {{derani|◌}}
|{{derani|◌󱛊}}
|◌́
|◌́  
|-
|-
|3 (low glottal)
|3 (low glottal)  
| {{derani|◌}}
|{{derani|◌󱛋}}
|◌̈
|◌̈
|-
|-
|4 (rising-falling)
|4 (rising-falling)
| {{derani|◌}}
|{{derani|◌󱛌}}
|◌̂
|◌̂
|}
|}


=== Punctuation ===
===Punctuation===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Derani
!Derani  
!Usage
!Usage
|-
|-
| {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛕}}
|declarative full stop
|declarative full stop  
|-
|-
| {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛖}}
|non-declarative, non-interogative full stop
|non-declarative, non-interogative full stop
|-
|-
| {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛗}}
|question mark
|question mark
|-
|-
| {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛔}}
|subordination mark, marks increase or decrease in clausal nesting
|subordination mark, marks increase or decrease in clausal nesting
|-
|-
| {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛓}}
|quotation mark
|quotation mark
|-
|-
| {{derani|}} and {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛘}} and {{derani|󱛙}}
|marks variables to which can be referred with [[Animacy|anaphoric pronouns]] (only the head of a serial gets marked)
| marks variables to which can be referred with [[Animacy|anaphoric pronouns]] (only the head of a serial gets marked)
|-
|-
| {{derani|}}
|{{derani|󱛚}}
|for [[determiner]]s with null complements (e.g. saying {{derani| |sá}} instead of {{derani| |sá raı}})
|for [[determiner]]s with null complements (e.g. saying {{derani|󱚺󱛊󱚺 󱛚|sá}} instead of {{derani|󱚺󱛊󱚺 󱚻󱚺󱛎󱚹|sá raı}})
|}
|}


== Unicode encoding ==
==Unicode encoding ==
To type Derani characters, we use the block F16B0–F16DF of the Unicode Private Use Area. Check out the [https://github.com/toaq/fonts toaq/fonts repository] on GitHub for fonts that can display these characters. See [[Input methods#Deranı layouts|here]] for typing Derani.
To type Derani characters, we use the block F16B0–F16DF of the Unicode Private Use Area. Check out the [https://github.com/toaq/fonts toaq/fonts repository] on GitHub for fonts that can display these characters. See [[Input methods#Deranı layouts|here]] for typing Derani.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
! colspan=2 | F16Bx
! colspan="2" |F16Bx
! colspan=2 | F16Cx
! colspan="2" | F16Cx
! colspan=2 | F16Dx
! colspan="2" |F16Dx
|-
|-
!0
!0
| {{derani|󱚰}} || DERANI LETTER MAMEI
|{{derani|󱚰}}||DERANI LETTER MAMEI
| {{derani|󱛀}} || DERANI LETTER SHOSHIA
|{{derani|󱛀}}|| DERANI LETTER SHOSHIA
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!1
!1
| {{derani|󱚱}} || DERANI LETTER MAMEI CODA
| {{derani|󱚱}} || DERANI LETTER MAMEI CODA
| {{derani|󱛁}} || DERANI LETTER VEVA
|{{derani|󱛁}}||DERANI LETTER VEVA
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!2
!2
| {{derani|󱚲}} || DERANI LETTER BUBUE
| {{derani|󱚲}} ||DERANI LETTER BUBUE
| {{derani|󱛂}} || DERANI LETTER AQ-AQ
|{{derani|󱛂}} ||DERANI LETTER AQ-AQ
| {{derani|󱛒}} || DERANI MODIFIER LETTER PREFIX
|{{derani|󱛒}} ||DERANI MODIFIER LETTER PREFIX
|-
|-
!3
!3
| {{derani|󱚳}} || DERANI LETTER PIPOQ
| {{derani|󱚳}}||DERANI LETTER PIPOQ
| {{derani|󱛃}} || DERANI LETTER GUGUI
|{{derani|󱛃}}||DERANI LETTER GUGUI
| {{derani|󱛓}} || DERANI QUOTATION MARK
|{{derani|󱛓}} ||DERANI QUOTATION MARK
|-
|-
!4
!4
| {{derani|󱚴}} || DERANI LETTER FOFUAQ
|{{derani|󱚴}}||DERANI LETTER FOFUAQ
| {{derani|󱛄}} || DERANI LETTER KIKUE
|{{derani|󱛄}}|| DERANI LETTER KIKUE
| {{derani|󱛔}} || DERANI SUBORDINATION MARK
|{{derani|󱛔}}|| DERANI SUBORDINATION MARK
|-
|-
!5
!5
| {{derani|󱚵}} || DERANI LETTER NANAQ
|{{derani|󱚵}}||DERANI LETTER NANAQ
| {{derani|󱛅}} || DERANI LETTER O-AOMO
|{{derani|󱛅}} ||DERANI LETTER O-AOMO
| {{derani|󱛕}} || DERANI DECLARATIVE FULL STOP
|{{derani|󱛕}}||DERANI DECLARATIVE FULL STOP
|-
|-
!6
!6
| {{derani|󱚶}} || DERANI LETTER DUDEO
| {{derani|󱚶}}
| {{derani|󱛆}} || DERANI LETTER HEHAQ
|DERANI LETTER DUDEO
| {{derani|󱛖}} || DERANI OTHER FULL STOP
|{{derani|󱛆}} ||DERANI LETTER HEHAQ
|{{derani|󱛖}}||DERANI OTHER FULL STOP
|-
|-
!7
!7
| {{derani|󱚷}} || DERANI LETTER TITIEQ
|{{derani|󱚷}}||DERANI LETTER TITIEQ
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
| {{derani|󱛗}} || DERANI INTERROGATIVE FULL STOP
|{{derani|󱛗}}||DERANI INTERROGATIVE FULL STOP
|-
|-
!8
!8
| {{derani|󱚸}} || DERANI LETTER ZOZEO
| {{derani|󱚸}} || DERANI LETTER ZOZEO
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
| {{derani|󱛘}} || DERANI START OF CARTOUCHE
| {{derani|󱛘}} || DERANI START OF CARTOUCHE
|-
|-
!9
!9
| {{derani|󱚹}} || DERANI LETTER CECOA
|{{derani|󱚹}}||DERANI LETTER CECOA
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
| {{derani|󱛙}} || DERANI END OF CARTOUCHE
|{{derani|󱛙}}||DERANI END OF CARTOUCHE
|-
|-
!A
!A
| {{derani|󱚺}} || DERANI LETTER SAQSEOQ
|{{derani|󱚺}}||DERANI LETTER SAQSEOQ
| {{derani|◌󱛊}}|| DERANI COMBINING RISING TONE
|{{derani|◌󱛊}}||DERANI COMBINING RISING TONE
| {{derani|󱛚}} || DERANI SYMBOL FOR NULL VARIABLE
|{{derani|󱛚}}||DERANI SYMBOL FOR NULL VARIABLE
|-
|-
!B
!B
| {{derani|󱚻}} || DERANI LETTER RAIRUA
|{{derani|󱚻}}||DERANI LETTER RAIRUA
| {{derani|◌󱛋}}|| DERANI COMBINING LOW GLOTTAL TONE
|{{derani|◌󱛋}}||DERANI COMBINING LOW GLOTTAL TONE
| colspan="2" |
|<span style="background-color:teal">{{derani|󱛛}}</span>||DERANI COMPATIBILITY NON-BREAKING SPACE
|-
|-
!C
!C
| {{derani|󱚼}} || DERANI LETTER LAOLIQ
|{{derani|󱚼}} ||DERANI LETTER LAOLIQ
| {{derani|◌󱛌}}|| DERANI COMBINING RISING-FALLING TONE
| {{derani|◌󱛌}}||DERANI COMBINING RISING-FALLING TONE
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!D
!D
| {{derani|󱚽}} || DERANI LETTER NHANHOQ
|{{derani|󱚽}}||DERANI LETTER NHANHOQ
| {{derani|◌󱛍◌}}|| DERANI COMBINING HIATUS MARK
|{{derani|◌󱛍◌}}||DERANI COMBINING HIATUS MARK
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!E
!E
| {{derani|󱚾}} || DERANI LETTER JUJUO
|{{derani|󱚾}}||DERANI LETTER JUJUO
| {{derani|◌󱛎◌}}|| DERANI COMBINING DIPHTHONG MARK
|{{derani|◌󱛎◌}}||DERANI COMBINING DIPHTHONG MARK
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!F
!F
| {{derani|󱚿}} || DERANI LETTER CHICHAO
|{{derani|󱚿}}||DERANI LETTER CHICHAO
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|}
|}
Use of the combining characters follows Unicode convention, with tone marks appearing immediately after the letter they attach to, and the diphthong mark appearing between the two letters it attaches to.
Use of the combining characters follows Unicode convention, with tone marks appearing immediately after the letter they attach to, and the diphthong mark appearing between the two letters it attaches to.
Line 273: Line 288:
The encoding has separate characters for the start and end of a cartouche. This is because cartouches can span across more than one word, so fonts need both ends delineated to know which letters they extend over.
The encoding has separate characters for the start and end of a cartouche. This is because cartouches can span across more than one word, so fonts need both ends delineated to know which letters they extend over.


== Displaying Derani on Discord ==
Some software, including Firefox, Chrome, and Discord, has a tendency to switch back to a font without Derani support whenever it encounters a space. If a space appears inside a cartouche, as in the phrase {{Derani|​​​​​​​​​​󱛘󱛀󱛊󱚲 󱛓󱚰󱚺󱛎󱚹󱛓󱛙}}, the change in fonts prevents the cartouche from connecting all the way. As a workaround, a "compatibility non-breaking space" is provided which functions the same as a non-breaking space, with the difference that only fonts with Derani support will recognize it. It should only be used inside cartouches, and should be avoided in environments with more intelligent font selection.
 
==Displaying Derani on Discord==
Below are instructions for displaying the Derani script on Discord:
Below are instructions for displaying the Derani script on Discord:


* '''(#1)''' Download and install the font at https://github.com/toaq/fonts/releases/ on your OS (for MS Windows, picking the TTF file may be recommendable);
*'''(#1)''' Download and install the font at https://github.com/toaq/fonts/releases/ on your OS (for MS Windows, picking the TTF file may be recommendable);


* '''(#2)''' Install [https://betterdiscord.app/ Better Discord], [https://openasar.dev/ OpenAsar], or another equivalent, which will add several customization options to the interface of Discord;
*'''(#2)''' Install [https://betterdiscord.app/ Better Discord], [https://openasar.dev/ OpenAsar], or another equivalent, which will add several customization options to the interface of Discord;


* '''(#3)''' Open Discord, then open the custom CSS dialog (in the case of Better Discord, go to ⚙ ⊳ Custom CSS), and there copy-paste the following:
*'''(#3)''' Open Discord, then open the custom CSS dialog (in the case of Better Discord, go to ⚙ ⊳ Custom CSS), and there copy-paste the following:
<pre>
<pre>
:root {
@font-face {
  --font-primary: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Derani, sans-serif;
  font-family: 'Derani';
  font-weight: 600;
  src: local('Derani');
}
 
* {
  --font-primary: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-display: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-headline: "ABC Ginto Nord","Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-code: Consolas,"Andale Mono WT","Andale Mono","Lucida Console","Lucida Sans Typewriter","DejaVu Sans Mono","Bitstream Vera Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Nimbus Mono L",Monaco,"Courier New",Courier,monospace,'Derani' !important
}
}


[id^="message-content-"] {
[id^="message-content-"], [class^="username-"] {
   line-height: normal;
  line-height: normal;
}
}
</pre>
</pre>
Then, click “Save”, then “Update” (or alternatively, “Live Update”).
Then, click “Save”, then “Update” (or alternatively, “Live Update”).


* '''(#4)''' Kill Discord, then restart it (doing Ctrl+R is apparently not enough; merely closing the application may not necessarily be sufficient).
*'''(#4)''' Kill Discord, then restart it (doing Ctrl+R is apparently not enough; merely closing the application may not necessarily be sufficient).
 
==External links==
== External links ==


* [https://toaq.net/refgram/orthography/#derani Refgram: Derani]
*[https://toaq.net/refgram/orthography/#derani Refgram: Derani]

Latest revision as of 17:18, 25 February 2023

The Derani alphabet (Toaq: 󱛘󱚺󱛊󱛎󱛃󱚴󱚺󱚲󱚴󱚷󱚺󱛙 󱚰󱚹 󱛓󱚶󱚴󱚻󱚺󱚵󱚹󱛓 áofabeta mı Deranı) is the official native writing system of Toaq, first introduced in Toaq Delta. It is the successor of Hoelai.

Symbols

Letters

Below is a list of Derani letters. Vowels share letters with consonants.

Derani Latin Name IPA
󱚰 M 󱚰󱚺󱚰󱚴󱛎󱚹 mameı /m/
󱚲 B, U 󱚲󱚲󱚲󱚲󱛍󱚴 bubue /b/, /u/
󱚳 P 󱚳󱚹󱚳󱛃󱛂 pıpoq /pʰ/
󱚴 F, E 󱚴󱛃󱚴󱚲󱛍󱚺󱛂 fofuaq /f/, /ɛ/
󱚵 N 󱚵󱚺󱚵󱚺󱛂 nanaq /n/
󱚶 D 󱚶󱚲󱚶󱚴󱛍󱛃 dudeo /d/
󱚷 T 󱚷󱚹󱚷󱚹󱛍󱚴󱛂 tıtıeq /tʰ/
󱚸 Z 󱚸󱛃󱚸󱚴󱛍󱛃 zozeo /d͡z/
󱚹 C, I 󱚹󱚴󱚹󱛃󱛍󱚺 cecoa /t͡sʰ/, /i/
󱚺 S, A 󱚺󱚺󱛂󱚺󱚴󱛍󱛃󱛂 saqseoq /s/, /a/
󱚻 R 󱚻󱚺󱛎󱚹󱚻󱚲󱛍󱚺 raırua /ɾ/
󱚼 L 󱚼󱚺󱛎󱛃󱚼󱚹󱛂 laolıq /l/
󱚽 NH 󱚽󱚺󱚽󱛃󱛂 nhanhoq /ɲ/
󱚾 J 󱚾󱚲󱚾󱚲󱛍󱛃 jujuo /d͡ʑ/
󱚿 CH 󱚿󱚹󱚿󱚺󱛎󱛃 chıchao /t͡ɕʰ/
󱛀 SH 󱛀󱛃󱛀󱚹󱛍󱚺 shoshıa /ɕ/
󱛁[note 1] Ꝡ 󱛁󱚴󱛁󱚺 ꝡeꝡa /w~j/
󱛂 Q 󱚺󱛂󱚺󱛂 aq'aq /ŋ/
󱛃 G, O 󱛃󱚲󱛃󱚲󱛍󱚹 guguı /ɡ/, /o/
󱛄 K 󱛄󱚹󱛄󱚲󱛍󱚴 kıkue /kʰ/
󱛅[note 1][note 2] ' 󱛃󱛅󱚺󱛎󱛃󱚰󱛃 o'aomo /ʔ/
󱛆 H 󱛆󱚴󱛆󱚺󱛂 hehaq /h/
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tone marks cannot attach to this letter due to its shape. They attach to the letter after it instead.
  2. ↑ O'aomo is always written in word-medial positions. In a word-initial position, it is only written if the letter after the first vowel letter is also a vowel letter, with no hiatus or diphthong mark between them.

Diacritics are put under diphthongs and hiatuses to help with reading.

Diphthong mark (◌󱛎◌) Hiatus mark (◌󱛍◌)
󱛆󱚺󱛎󱚹 haı 󱛆󱚹󱛍󱚺 hıa
󱚷󱚺󱛎󱛃 tao 󱚷󱛃󱛍󱚺 toa
󱚼󱚴󱛎󱚹 leı 󱚼󱚹󱛍󱚴 lıe

When reading, one should assume that the first letter is a consonant. If the second letter is consonant-only, the first letter should be a vowel.

Prefixes are separated from the main word by a 󱛒 after the last prefix.

Tones

The first tone falling tone is not marked.

Tone Derani Latin
1 (falling) ◌ ◌
2 (rising) ◌󱛊 ◌́
3 (low glottal) ◌󱛋 ◌̈
4 (rising-falling) ◌󱛌 ◌̂

Punctuation

Derani Usage
󱛕 declarative full stop
󱛖 non-declarative, non-interogative full stop
󱛗 question mark
󱛔 subordination mark, marks increase or decrease in clausal nesting
󱛓 quotation mark
󱛘 and 󱛙 marks variables to which can be referred with anaphoric pronouns (only the head of a serial gets marked)
󱛚 for determiners with null complements (e.g. saying 󱚺󱛊󱚺 󱛚 sá instead of 󱚺󱛊󱚺 󱚻󱚺󱛎󱚹 sá raı)

Unicode encoding

To type Derani characters, we use the block F16B0–F16DF of the Unicode Private Use Area. Check out the toaq/fonts repository on GitHub for fonts that can display these characters. See here for typing Derani.

F16Bx F16Cx F16Dx
0 󱚰 DERANI LETTER MAMEI 󱛀 DERANI LETTER SHOSHIA
1 󱚱 DERANI LETTER MAMEI CODA 󱛁 DERANI LETTER VEVA
2 󱚲 DERANI LETTER BUBUE 󱛂 DERANI LETTER AQ-AQ 󱛒 DERANI MODIFIER LETTER PREFIX
3 󱚳 DERANI LETTER PIPOQ 󱛃 DERANI LETTER GUGUI 󱛓 DERANI QUOTATION MARK
4 󱚴 DERANI LETTER FOFUAQ 󱛄 DERANI LETTER KIKUE 󱛔 DERANI SUBORDINATION MARK
5 󱚵 DERANI LETTER NANAQ 󱛅 DERANI LETTER O-AOMO 󱛕 DERANI DECLARATIVE FULL STOP
6 󱚶 DERANI LETTER DUDEO 󱛆 DERANI LETTER HEHAQ 󱛖 DERANI OTHER FULL STOP
7 󱚷 DERANI LETTER TITIEQ 󱛗 DERANI INTERROGATIVE FULL STOP
8 󱚸 DERANI LETTER ZOZEO 󱛘 DERANI START OF CARTOUCHE
9 󱚹 DERANI LETTER CECOA 󱛙 DERANI END OF CARTOUCHE
A 󱚺 DERANI LETTER SAQSEOQ ◌󱛊 DERANI COMBINING RISING TONE 󱛚 DERANI SYMBOL FOR NULL VARIABLE
B 󱚻 DERANI LETTER RAIRUA ◌󱛋 DERANI COMBINING LOW GLOTTAL TONE 󱛛 DERANI COMPATIBILITY NON-BREAKING SPACE
C 󱚼 DERANI LETTER LAOLIQ ◌󱛌 DERANI COMBINING RISING-FALLING TONE
D 󱚽 DERANI LETTER NHANHOQ ◌󱛍◌ DERANI COMBINING HIATUS MARK
E 󱚾 DERANI LETTER JUJUO ◌󱛎◌ DERANI COMBINING DIPHTHONG MARK
F 󱚿 DERANI LETTER CHICHAO

Use of the combining characters follows Unicode convention, with tone marks appearing immediately after the letter they attach to, and the diphthong mark appearing between the two letters it attaches to.

The encoding has separate characters for the start and end of a cartouche. This is because cartouches can span across more than one word, so fonts need both ends delineated to know which letters they extend over.

Some software, including Firefox, Chrome, and Discord, has a tendency to switch back to a font without Derani support whenever it encounters a space. If a space appears inside a cartouche, as in the phrase ​​​​​​​​​​󱛘󱛀󱛊󱚲 󱛓󱚰󱚺󱛎󱚹󱛓󱛙, the change in fonts prevents the cartouche from connecting all the way. As a workaround, a "compatibility non-breaking space" is provided which functions the same as a non-breaking space, with the difference that only fonts with Derani support will recognize it. It should only be used inside cartouches, and should be avoided in environments with more intelligent font selection.

Displaying Derani on Discord

Below are instructions for displaying the Derani script on Discord:

  • (#2) Install Better Discord, OpenAsar, or another equivalent, which will add several customization options to the interface of Discord;
  • (#3) Open Discord, then open the custom CSS dialog (in the case of Better Discord, go to ⚙ ⊳ Custom CSS), and there copy-paste the following:
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Derani';
  font-weight: 600;
  src: local('Derani');
}

* {
  --font-primary: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-display: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-headline: "ABC Ginto Nord","Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-code: Consolas,"Andale Mono WT","Andale Mono","Lucida Console","Lucida Sans Typewriter","DejaVu Sans Mono","Bitstream Vera Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Nimbus Mono L",Monaco,"Courier New",Courier,monospace,'Derani' !important
}

[id^="message-content-"], [class^="username-"] {
  line-height: normal;
}

Then, click “Save”, then “Update” (or alternatively, “Live Update”).

  • (#4) Kill Discord, then restart it (doing Ctrl+R is apparently not enough; merely closing the application may not necessarily be sufficient).

External links

Retrieved from "https://toaq.me/index.php?title=Derani&oldid=1379"