Experimental features: Difference between revisions

461 bytes added ,  15:47, 14 February 2022
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 19: Line 19:


=== Redefinitions ===
=== Redefinitions ===
*; {{t|soq}}, {{t|suı}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} is the most [least] in property {{x}}''{{t|||#1MvFSwe-Fr}}{{t|||#yapw013t4Z}}}}
*; {{t|soq}}, {{t|suı}} <span style=font-weight:normal>officially ''{{x}} is the most [least] in property {{x}}''{{t|||#1MvFSwe-Fr}}{{t|||#yapw013t4Z}}</span>
*:* ''{{x}} is the singular least [most] among the however many most ''[least]'' in property {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>, [[xorxes]] et al.) – preserves the x₂ of the original definition by relying on the cardinality being expressed in the x₃. Convenient with left grouping (see [[#Serial predicate composition|below]]).
*:* ''{{x}} is the singular least [most] among the however many most ''[least]'' in property {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>, [[xorxes]] et al.) – preserves the x₂ of the original definition by relying on the cardinality being expressed in the x₃. Convenient with left grouping (see [[#Serial predicate composition|below]]).
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies property {{x}} the most [least]'' (<abbr title=active>2022-01</abbr>, [[uakci]]{{t|||#8FtyCn9fR|}}) – attributive, not predicative; {{t|suı}} is not an exact opposite of {{t|soq}} (as it is not alienans; use {{t|soq bủ}} appropriately)
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies property {{x}} the most [least]'' (<abbr title=active>2022-01</abbr>, [[uakci]]{{t|||#8FtyCn9fR|}}) – attributive, not predicative; {{t|suı}} is not an exact opposite of {{t|soq}} (as it is not alienans; use {{t|soq bủ}} appropriately)
*:* ''{{x}}, among {{x}}, is the {{x}}-est'' ([[hoaqgıo]]{{t|||#yXBeLlHeW|}}) – convenient in serial usage. Will probably be the one replace the status quo given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|[[Frame#Table of semantic frames|the serial verb simplification pending]]}}</abbr>
*:* ''{{x}}, among {{x}}, is the {{x}}-est'' ([[hoaqgıo]]{{t|||#yXBeLlHeW|}}) – convenient in serial usage. Will probably be the one replace the status quo given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|[[Frame#Table of semantic frames|the serial verb simplification pending]]}}</abbr>
*
*
*; {{t|ko}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} is N-th amongst {{x}}, where N = {{x}}, in property {{x}}''{{t|||#YYMrd1k62i}}}}
*; {{t|ko}} <span style=font-weight:normal>officially ''{{x}} is N-th amongst {{x}}, where N = {{x}}, in property {{x}}''{{t|||#YYMrd1k62i}}</span>
*:* ''{{x}} is {{x}}-th amongst {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021</abbr>, [[Hoemaı]], probably, given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|the new hard cap of 3 slots}}</abbr>)
*:* ''{{x}} is {{x}}-th amongst {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021</abbr>, [[Hoemaı]], probably, given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|the new hard cap of 3 slots}}</abbr>)
*:* ''{{x}} is the last amongst the {{x}} (number) most {{x}} (property).'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>[[xorxes]]{{t|||#_s7CDnVtp|}})
*:* ''{{x}} is the last amongst the {{x}} (number) most {{x}} (property).'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>, [[xorxes]]{{t|||#_s7CDnVtp|}})
*
*
*; {{t|mu}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} satisfies relation {{x}} with the slots swapped''{{t|||#5zQkF82U9w}}}}
*; {{t|mu}} <span style=font-weight:normal>officially ''{{x}} satisfies relation {{x}} with the slots swapped''{{t|||#5zQkF82U9w}}</span>
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies the converse of relation {{x}}; {{x}} and {{x}} satisfy the converse of relation {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021?<abbr>, [[Ntsékees]]{{t|||#BDcrdhZWs|}} et al.)
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies the converse of relation {{x}}; {{x}} and {{x}} satisfy the converse of relation {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021?</abbr>, [[Ntsékees]]{{t|||#BDcrdhZWs|}} et al.)
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies with {{x}} the converse of relation {{x}}'' (2019–<abbr title=inactive>2021</abbr>, ?) – supplanted by official definition above
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies with {{x}} the converse of relation {{x}}'' (2019–<abbr title=inactive>2021</abbr>, ?) – supplanted by official definition above
*:: NB. {{t|mu}} used to be a particle until it became official that it’d be a regular predicate; at the time (<abbr title=rejected>{{bg|pink|2019?}}</abbr>), it was assumed to be ternary: ''{{x}} and {{x}} satisfy the converse of relation {{x}}''.
*:: NB. {{t|mu}} used to be a particle until it became official that it’d be a regular predicate; at the time (<abbr title=rejected>{{bg|pink|2019?}}</abbr>), it was assumed to be ternary: ''{{x}} and {{x}} satisfy the converse of relation {{x}}''.
Line 36: Line 36:
Some of the above could be turned into [[determiner]]s, since they pass ''the {{t|tuq}} test'': (in older Toaq,) {{t|ke tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|sa tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|tu tủq hỏa}}, hence {{t|tuq}} is determiner-like (and <abbr title=official>{{bg|khaki|has been turned into a determiner with the release of [[Toaq γ]]}}).
Some of the above could be turned into [[determiner]]s, since they pass ''the {{t|tuq}} test'': (in older Toaq,) {{t|ke tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|sa tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|tu tủq hỏa}}, hence {{t|tuq}} is determiner-like (and <abbr title=official>{{bg|khaki|has been turned into a determiner with the release of [[Toaq γ]]}}).


*; {{t|cuaq}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} is the idea of satisfying property {{x}}''{{t|||#SDgMdMcddw}}}}
*; {{t|cuaq}} <span style=font-weight:normal>officially ''{{x}} is the idea of satisfying property {{x}}''{{t|||#SDgMdMcddw}}</span>
*:* ''{{x}} is the property of satisfying property {{x}}.'' {{boldn't|<abbr title=active>2021-2022</abbr>, [[uakci]] et al.}}
*:* ''{{x}} is the property of satisfying property {{x}}.'' <span style=font-weight:normal><abbr title=active>2021-2022</abbr>, [[uakci]] et al.</span>
*
*
*; {{t|peı}} {{boldn't|''{{x}} is the number representing the cardinality of {{x}}''{{t|||#EW44Y4NoP|}}}} (?)
*; {{t|peı}} <span style=font-weight:normal>''{{x}} is the number representing the cardinality of {{x}}''{{t|||#EW44Y4NoP|}} (?)</span>


=== Additions to the core vocabulary/lexicosemantics ===
=== Additions to the core vocabulary/lexicosemantics ===
*; {{t|sıy||#ONzdI-jV6|}}, {{t|fay||#spTVywkdY|}}: {{boldn't|''{{x}} is an event with {{x}} as its source [destination]'' (2021-10?, [[uakci]])}}
*; {{t|sıy||#ONzdI-jV6|}}, {{t|fay||#spTVywkdY|}}: <span style=font-weight:normal>''{{x}} is an event with {{x}} as its source [destination]'' (2021-10?, [[uakci]])</span>


== Grammatical features ==
== Grammatical features ==
Line 60: Line 60:
*:* {{t|deı||#i9fWapkku|}} – applies (“unboxes”) the complement n-ary relation; e.g., {{t|doı lûaq ja ja}} ≡ {{t|luaq²}} (?–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-08}}</abbr>)
*:* {{t|deı||#i9fWapkku|}} – applies (“unboxes”) the complement n-ary relation; e.g., {{t|doı lûaq ja ja}} ≡ {{t|luaq²}} (?–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-08}}</abbr>)
*
*
*; <abbr>{{t|mu}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(the now insolvent class of predicate modifiers)}}
*; <abbr>{{t|mu}}</abbr> <span style=font-weight:normal>(the now insolvent class of predicate modifiers)</span>
*:* {{t|doı||#pTN8Ky42d|}} – forces the highest arity in a predicate (<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2018-11}}</abbr>). Inactive by virtue of [[Hoemaı]]’s inclusion of {{t|doı|{{x}} respects {{x}}|#jdaIe8i6fU}}
*:* {{t|doı||#pTN8Ky42d|}} – forces the highest arity in a predicate (<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2018-11}}</abbr>). Inactive by virtue of [[Hoemaı]]’s inclusion of {{t|doı|{{x}} respects {{x}}|#jdaIe8i6fU}}
*
*
*; <abbr title=vocatives>{{t|hu}}</abbr>:
*; <abbr title=vocatives>{{t|hu}}</abbr>:
*:* {{t|jıy||#AiF-mbYS8|}} – self-identification particle, ''I am {{x}}'', {{t|hu}}’s converse (<abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|2020-02-08}}<abbr>, [[Hoemaı]] et al.)
*:* {{t|jıy||#AiF-mbYS8|}} – self-identification particle, ''I am {{x}}'', {{t|hu}}’s converse (<abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|2020-02-08}}</abbr>, [[Hoemaı]] et al.)
*:* {{t|so}} – attitudinal particle – turns following phrase into an ad-hoc interjection, such as {{t|so jảı}} ‘yay!’ (2018–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020?}}</abbr>, [[Ntsékees]])
*:* {{t|so}} – attitudinal particle – turns following phrase into an ad-hoc interjection, such as {{t|so jảı}} ‘yay!’ (2018–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020?}}</abbr>, [[Ntsékees]])
*
*
Line 71: Line 71:


=== Make one thing work like another thing ===
=== Make one thing work like another thing ===
*; <abbr title=determiners>{{t|sa}}</abbr> ⊂ <abbr title=predicates>{{t|raı}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(2019–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020?}}, [[uakci]])}}
*; <abbr title=determiners>{{t|sa}}</abbr> ⊂ <abbr title=predicates>{{t|raı}}</abbr> <span style=font-weight:normal>(2019–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020?}}, [[uakci]])</span>
*
*
*; {{t|hı, co}} ⊂ <abbr title=complementizers>{{t|la}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-03}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])}}
*; {{t|hı, co}} ⊂ <abbr title=complementizers>{{t|la}}</abbr> <span style=font-weight:normal>(<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-03}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])</span>


=== Predicate-like particles; predicatizers ===
=== Predicate-like particles; predicatizers ===
*; {{t|poı}} (2017-10–<abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|2021?}}</abbr>, originally proposed by [[Hoemaı]])
*; {{t|poı}} <span style=font-weight:normal>(2017-10–<abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|2021?}}</abbr>, originally proposed by [[Hoemaı]])</span>
*:* As a plain predicate: ''{{x}} is an event whose first-slot participant also satisfies property {{x}}''{{t|||#2487EMdnD|}}. Requires so-called [[structure-preserving propositions]] to function.
*:* As a plain predicate: ''{{x}} is an event whose first-slot participant also satisfies property {{x}}''{{t|||#2487EMdnD|}}. Requires so-called [[structure-preserving propositions]] to function.
*:* As a particle: {{t|pòı}} and {{t|põı}} used to be official particles until [?] happened.
*:* As a particle: {{t|pòı}} and {{t|põı}} used to be official particles until [?] happened.
*
*
*; {{t|po}} ∈ <abbr title="naming particles">{{t|mı}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(2021-11?, [[uakci]])}}
*; {{t|po}} ∈ <abbr title="naming particles">{{t|mı}}</abbr> <span style=font-weight:normal>(2021-11?, [[uakci]])</span>
*: Make {{t|po}} accept all kinds of phrases – like {{t|mı, mıru}}, unlike {{t|mea, jeı}} – including prepositionals ({{t|po nèo tóqfua ga kủe}} ‘book on the table’) as well as elliptical “phrases” ({{t|chỉ jí pó bũ}} ‘I think not’).
*: Make {{t|po}} accept all kinds of phrases – like {{t|mı, mıru}}, unlike {{t|mea, jeı}} – including prepositionals ({{t|po nèo tóqfua ga kủe}} ‘book on the table’) as well as elliptical “phrases” ({{t|chỉ jí pó bũ}} ‘I think not’).


=== Serial predicate composition ===
=== Serial predicate composition ===
*; Head-initial composition {{boldn't|(2019?-<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|pink|2021-08}}<ref group=ref name=xorxes-left-grouping/></abbr>, spearheaded by [[xorxes]])}}
*; Head-initial composition <span style=font-weight:normal>(2019?-<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|pink|2021-08}}</abbr><ref group=ref name="xorxes-left-grouping"/>, spearheaded by [[xorxes]])</span>
*: Define the serial composition relation ∘ as left-associative. This brings benefits in more complicated constructs where filling two slots one at a time is necessary.
*: Define the serial composition relation ∘ as left-associative. This brings benefits in more complicated constructs where filling two slots one at a time is necessary.
*
*
*; Numeric predicate interactions {{boldn't|(2018-03–<abbr title=active>2022</abbr>, various people, notably [[Ntsékees]], [[Seoqrea]], [[uakci]])}}
*; Numeric predicate interactions <span style=font-weight:normal>(2018-03–<abbr title=active>2022</abbr>, various people, notably [[Ntsékees]], [[Seoqrea]], [[uakci]])</span>
*: A restricted version of the above: define some predicates as numeral-consuming and group them tight with following numerals, e.g., {{t|((ko shỉ) pảq)}}.
*: A restricted version of the above: define some predicates as numeral-consuming and group them tight with following numerals, e.g., {{t|((ko shỉ) pảq)}}.
*
*
*; Predicate-consuming slots {{boldn't|(2019-04–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])}}
*; Predicate-consuming slots <span style=font-weight:normal>(2019-04–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])</span>
*: Certain verbs would subordinate entire predicates, consuming all of their places. Originally motivated by {{t|jane|{{x}} is the arity of predicate {{x}}|#SyvvCRFbE|}}.
*: Certain verbs would subordinate entire predicates, consuming all of their places. Originally motivated by {{t|jane|{{x}} is the arity of predicate {{x}}|#SyvvCRFbE|}}.


Line 97: Line 97:


=== New grammatical productions ===
=== New grammatical productions ===
*; {{t|<abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr> <abbr title="place tags">go</abbr> <abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr>}} {{boldn't|(2018-11–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-07}}</title>, [[uakci]])}}
*; {{t|<abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr> <abbr title="place tags">go</abbr> <abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr>}} <span style=font-weight:normal>(2018-11–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-07}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])</span>
*: Redundant to the present-day [[genitival serial]] construction.
*: Redundant to the present-day [[genitival serial]] construction.
*
*
*; Focus tag maker {{t|ku}} {{boldn't|(2018-11–<abbr title=active>10-10-2022<abbr>, [[uakci]])}}
*; Focus tag maker {{t|ku}} <span style=font-weight:normal>(2018-11–<abbr title=active>10-10-2022<abbr>, [[uakci]])</span>
*: Originally {{t|meq}}; consumes a predicate to turn into a focus marker (<abbr title>{{t|ku}}</abbr> class – like {{t|ku, mao, tou, juaq}}).
*: Originally {{t|meq}}; consumes a predicate to turn into a focus marker (<abbr title>{{t|ku}}</abbr> class – like {{t|ku, mao, tou, juaq}}).


Line 108: Line 108:
== References ==
== References ==
<references group=ref>
<references group=ref>
<ref name=xorxes-left-grouping>
<ref name="xorxes-left-grouping">
Quoting from [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/08/miscellanea1]:
Quoting from [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/08/miscellanea1]:
: Lastly, serial predicates are right-grouping. I already know how this works in the grammar and it’s beautiful and simple and fits nicely among the other bits of this head-initial language. Left-grouping serials just don’t make sense to me (ko mi fraxu doi xy.).
: Lastly, serial predicates are right-grouping. I already know how this works in the grammar and it’s beautiful and simple and fits nicely among the other bits of this head-initial language. Left-grouping serials just don’t make sense to me (ko mi fraxu doi xy.).
</ref>
</ref>
</references>
</references>