Latin writing system: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:23, 20 December 2022

Toaq is most commonly written using a modified Latin writing system, with diacritics on the vowels to mark tone.

Alphabet

The alphabet, in native order, is:

m	b	p	f	n	d	t	z	c	s	r	l	nh	j	ch	sh	ꝡ	q	g	k	'	h	a	u	ı	o	e	y
/m/	/b/	/pʰ/	/f/	/n/	/d/	/tʰ/	/d͡z/	/t͡sʰ/	/s/	/ɾ/	/l/	/ɲ/	/d͡ʑ/	/t͡ɕʰ/	/ɕ/	/w~j/	/ŋ/	/ɡ/	/kʰ/	/ʔ/	/h/	/a/	/u/	/i/	/o/	/ɛ/

In semi-native order, the consonants are ordered in the Latin/Unicode way (b, c, ch, d…) while the vowels are still at the end, in a, u, ı, o, e order.

In non-native or Latin order, the whole alphabet is ordered like the Latin alphabet: a, b, c, ch, d…

The vowel ı is written without its dot, to avoid confusion with the tone diacritics listed below.

Diacritics

The following diacritics are placed on the first vowel (a, u, ı, o, e) of a word to mark non-default tone on the whole word:

Nr.	On "a"	Diacritic	Unicode	Tone name
1	a	—	—	falling tone
2	á	acute accent	U+0301	rising tone
3	ä	diaeresis	U+0308	falling-glottal tone
4	â	circumflex	U+0302	rising-falling tone

Sparse tone marking style

Before Toaq Delta, a Toaq text could have chosen not to mark the most common tone, . This was called sparse tone marking style.

A verb could never carry , so there would’ve been no confusion as long as the reader knew enough Toaq to tell particles from verbs. Therefore, this practice was acceptable in informal writing but discouraged in educational materials. This practice was made in connection with the theory that stated that was actually an inherent, or “default”, tone for verbs just as much as was for particles.

Toaq Delta removed and the notion of a neutral tone altogether; , although unmarked, is always understood as falling tone. Thus, one could say that with the introduction of the new four-tone system, sparse tone marking has become the standard, with both the phonology and the orthography backing it.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
-! {{t|m}} !! {{t|b}} !! {{t|p}} !! {{t|f}} !! {{t|n}} !! {{t|d}} !! {{t|t}} !! {{t|z}} !! {{t|c}} !! {{t|s}} !! {{t|r}} !! {{t|l}} !! {{t|nh}} !! {{t|j}} !! {{t|ch}} !! {{t|sh}} !! {{t|q}} !! {{t|g}} !! {{t|k}} !! {{t|'}} !! {{t|h}} !! {{t|a}} !! {{t|u}} !! {{t|ı}} !! {{t|o}} !! {{t|e}} !! {{t|y}}
+! {{t|m}} !! {{t|b}} !! {{t|p}} !! {{t|f}} !! {{t|n}} !! {{t|d}} !! {{t|t}} !! {{t|z}} !! {{t|c}} !! {{t|s}} !! {{t|r}} !! {{t|l}} !! {{t|nh}} !! {{t|j}} !! {{t|ch}} !! {{t|sh}} !! {{t|ꝡ}} !! {{t|q}} !! {{t|g}} !! {{t|k}} !! {{t|'}} !! {{t|h}} !! {{t|a}} !! {{t|u}} !! {{t|ı}} !! {{t|o}} !! {{t|e}} !! {{t|y}}
 |-
-| /m/ || /b/ || /pʰ/ || /f/ || /n/ || /d/ || /tʰ/ || /d͡z/ || /t͡sʰ/ || /s/ || /ɾ/ || /l/ || /ɲ/ || /d͡ʑ/ || /t͡ɕʰ/ || /ɕ/ || /ŋ/ || /g/ || /kʰ/ || /ʔ/ || /h/ || /a/ || /u/ || /i/ || /o/ || /ɛ/ || /ə/
+| /m/ || /b/ || /pʰ/ || /f/ || /n/ || /d/ || /tʰ/ || /d͡z/ || /t͡sʰ/ || /s/ || /ɾ/ || /l/ || /ɲ/ || /d͡ʑ/ || /t͡ɕʰ/ || /ɕ/ || /w~j/ || /ŋ/ || /ɡ/ || /kʰ/ || /ʔ/ || /h/ || /a/ || /u/ || /i/ || /o/ || /ɛ/
 |}
-In '''semi-native order''', the consonants are ordered in the Latin/Unicode way ({{t|b, c, ch, d…}}) while the vowels are still at the end, in {{t|a, u, ı, o, e, y}} order.
+In '''semi-native order''', the consonants are ordered in the Latin/Unicode way ({{t|b, c, ch, d…}}) while the vowels are still at the end, in {{t|a, u, ı, o, e}} order.
 In '''non-native''' or '''Latin order''', the whole alphabet is ordered like the Latin alphabet: {{t|a, b, c, ch, d…}}
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 == Diacritics ==
-The following diacritics are placed on the first vowel ({{t|a, u, ı, o, e, y}}) of a word to mark non-neutral [[tone]] on the whole word:
+The following diacritics are placed on the first vowel ({{t|a, u, ı, o, e}}) of a word to mark non-default [[tone]] on the whole word:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Nr. !! Mark !! On "a" !! Diacritic !! Unicode !! Tone name
 |-
-| 2 || {{tone|2}} || {{t|á}} || acute accent || U+0301 || rising tone
+| 1 || {{done|2}} || {{t|a}} || — || — || falling tone
 |-
-| 3 || {{tone|3}} || {{t|ä}} || diaeresis || U+0308 || rising-creaky tone
+| 2 || {{done|2}} || {{t|á}} || acute accent || U+0301 || rising tone
 |-
-| 4 || {{tone|4}} || {{t|ả}} || hook above || U+0309 || falling tone
+| 3 || {{done|3}} || {{t|ä}} || diaeresis || U+0308 || falling-glottal tone
 |-
-| 5 || {{tone|5}} || {{t|â}} || circumflex accent || U+0302 || rising-falling tone
+| 4 || {{done|4}} || {{t|â}} || circumflex || U+0302 || rising-falling tone
-|-
-| 6 || {{tone|6}} || {{t|à}} || grave accent || U+0300 || mid-falling tone
-|-
-| 7 || {{tone|7}} || {{t|ã}} || tilde || U+0303 || falling creaky tone
 |}
 === Sparse tone marking style ===
-A Toaq text may choose ''not'' to mark the most common tone, {{tone|4}}. This is called '''sparse tone marking style'''.
+Before [[Toaq Delta]], a Toaq text could have chosen ''not'' to mark the most common tone, {{tone|4}}. This was called '''sparse tone marking style'''.
+A verb could never carry {{tone|8}}, so there would’ve been no confusion as long as the reader knew enough Toaq to tell particles from verbs. Therefore, this practice was acceptable in informal writing but discouraged in educational materials. This practice was made in connection with the theory that stated that {{tone|4}} was actually an inherent, or “default”, tone for verbs just as much as {{tone|8}} was for particles.
-A verb can never carry the neutral tone, so there is no confusion, as long as the reader knows enough Toaq to tell particles from verbs. Therefore, this practice is acceptable in informal writing but is discouraged in educational materials.
+[[Toaq Delta]] removed {{tone|8}} and the notion of a neutral tone altogether; {{done|1}}, although unmarked, is always understood as falling tone. Thus, one could say that with the introduction of the new four-[[tone]] system, sparse tone marking has become the standard, with both the phonology and the orthography backing it.
 == See also ==