Property: Difference between revisions

276 bytes added ,  22:03, 3 November 2023
Tiptoe around huaq, now that ha- is the hot new thing
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(Tiptoe around huaq, now that ha- is the hot new thing)
 
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{{Example|lä geanua {{green|já}} tóqfua|{{green|▯}} lifts up the table.}}
{{Example|lä geanua {{green|já}} tóqfua|{{green|▯}} lifts up the table.}}
{{Example|Leo jí lä geanua já tóqfua.|I try to satisfy "▯ lifts up the table."}}
{{Example|Leo jí, lä geanua já tóqfua.|I try to satisfy "▯ lifts up the table."}}


In English, we just say "I try {{green|to lift up the table}}." There's no word that corresponds to {{t|já}}. Properties in Toaq often correspond to English infinitives and gerunds.
In English, we just say "I try {{green|to lift up the table}}." There's no word that corresponds to {{t|já}}. Properties in Toaq often correspond to English infinitives and gerunds.
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Here is another example:
Here is another example:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
{{t|huaq}} = ▯ is more than in property ▯.
{{t|jaqjeq}} = ▯ and satisfy property ▯ the same amount.
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


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{{Example|lä sheaqsao {{green|já}}|{{green|▯}} is tall.}}
{{Example|lä sheaqsao {{green|já}}|{{green|▯}} is tall.}}
{{Example|Huaq jí súq lä sheaqsao já.|I am more than you in "▯ is tall."<br>I am taller than you.}}
{{Example|Jaqjeq jí súq, lä sheaqsao já.|Me and you satisfy "▯ is tall" the same amount.<br>I'm as tall as you.}}


This example somewhat demonstrates the usefulness of properties. We can say {{t|lä sheaqsao já}} to refer to "tallness" or "being tall" in the abstract, and then use {{t|huaq}} to compare two concrete "fillings" of that property.
This example somewhat demonstrates the usefulness of properties. We can say {{t|lä sheaqsao já}} to refer to "tallness" or "being tall" in the abstract, and then use {{t|jaqjeq}} to compare two concrete "fillings" of that property.


If we only had complete clauses, we'd have to repeat ourselves and say something like "{{t|ꝡä sheaqsao jí}} is more true than {{t|ꝡä sheaqsao súq}}".
If we only had complete clauses, we'd have to repeat ourselves and say something like "{{t|ꝡä sheaqsao jí}} is true to the same extent as {{t|ꝡä sheaqsao súq}}".


== {{t|já}} is a determiner ==
== {{t|já}} is a determiner ==
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<blockquote>
<blockquote>
{{t|lä mıu {{green|já deo}} ꝡä moıjoe déo}} = {{green|▯ ({{t|déo}}), a child,}} opines that {{t|déo}} is smart.<br>= "for children to find themselves smart."
{{t|lä mıu {{green|já deo}}, ꝡä moıjoe déo}} = {{green|▯ ({{t|déo}}), a child,}} opines that {{t|déo}} is smart.<br>= "for children to find themselves smart."
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


<!--
== Nested clause gotcha ==
== Nested clause gotcha ==
One may approach expressing a property like ''I don't know whether ▯ likes conlangs'' like this:
One may approach expressing a property like ''I don't know whether ▯ likes conlangs'' like this:


<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<nowiki>*</nowiki>{{t|lä bu dua jí {{red|mä cho já báq fıeqzu}}}}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>{{t|lä bu dua jí, {{red|mä cho já báq fıeqzu}}}}
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


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<blockquote>
<blockquote>
{{t|{{green|lâ ja pỏq bı}} bủ dủa mâ chỏ {{green|póq}} baq fỉeqzu}}.<br/>
{{t|{{green|lä já poq, nä}} bu dua , mä cho {{green|póq}} báq fıeqzu}}<br/>
{{green|to be some person(s) as for which}} I don't know whether {{green|they}} like conlangs
{{green|for a person, to be such that}} I don't know whether {{green|they}} like conlangs
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


Note that this approach is ''never wrong'' – it’s never incorrect to move a {{t|já}} into a topic phrase, and doing so reduces cognitive load on both speaker and listener.
Note that this approach is ''never wrong'' – it’s never incorrect to move a {{t|já}} into a topic phrase, and doing so reduces cognitive load on both speaker and listener.


-->
== Serial verbs ==
[[Serial verb]]s let words with property slots, like {{t|leo}} and {{t|jaqjeq}}, act as auxiliary verbs:


== Serial verbs ==
<blockquote>
The rules of [[serial verb]]s are designed to work well with property slots.
{{t|leo geanua}} = ▯ tries to lift up ▯.<br>
{{t|jaqjeq sheaqsao}} = ▯ is equally tall as ▯.
</blockquote>


They essentially let words with property slots, like {{t|leo}} and {{t|huaq}}, act as auxiliary verbs:
Here is the same sentence expressed in two ways: first by filling the property slot of {{t|leo}}, and then by using a serial verb to achieve the same thing.


<blockquote>
<blockquote>
{{t|leo geanua}} = ▯ tries to lift up .<br>
{{t|Leo jí, {{green|lä geanua já tóqfua}}.}} = I try {{green|to lift up the table}}.<br>
{{t|huaq sheaqsao}} = ▯ is taller than ▯.
{{t|{{blue|Leo geanua}} jí tóqfua.}} = I {{blue|try to lift up}} the table.
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


This works so well that you don't see Toaq speakers say {{t|já}} anywhere near as often as they use verbs like {{t|leo}} and {{t|huaq}}. Once you're used to the rules of serial verbs, they're easier and shorter. But now you know how it works under the hood!
This works so well that you don't see Toaq speakers say {{t|lä … já}} anywhere near as often as they use verbs like {{t|leo}} and {{t|jaqjeq}}. Once you're used to the rules of serial verbs, they're easier and shorter.


See the article on [[serial verb]]s for more info.
See the article on [[serial verb]]s for more info.