Jump to content

Thematic role: Difference between revisions

Thematic role (view source)

Revision as of 11:22, 7 July 2023

930 bytes added ,  11:22, 7 July 2023
update content and word forms
(update content and word forms)
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
Some examples of thematic roles are:
Some examples of thematic roles are:
* “agent”: who is willfully causing this event?
* “agent”: who is willfully causing this event?
* “instrument”: what is used to carry out this event?
* “benefactor”: who benefits from this event?
* “patient”: who or what is affected/changed by this event?
* “patient”: who or what is affected/changed by this event?


Line 14: Line 14:
<blockquote>{{t|choıdea}}: ___ stabs ___.</blockquote>
<blockquote>{{t|choıdea}}: ___ stabs ___.</blockquote>


Whereas thematic roles are represented using verbs that relate an event to an object, generally used as [[prepositions]] ({{tone|6}}):
Whereas thematic roles are represented using verbs that relate an event to an object, generally used as [[preposition]]s ({{done|4}}):


<blockquote>{{t|chou}}: ___ is an event with ___ as its instrument.</blockquote>
<blockquote>{{t|nhuq}}: ___ happens for ___'s benefit.</blockquote>


=== An example ===
=== An example ===
Line 28: Line 28:
! Subject !! Object !! Agent !! Patient
! Subject !! Object !! Agent !! Patient
|-
|-
| (1) {{t|Chỏıdea mí Bủtusy mí Kảısary da.}}<br>Brutus stabs Caesar. || Brutus || Caesar || Brutus || Caesar
| (1) {{t|Choıdea mí Butusu mí Kaısa da.}}<br>Brutus stabs Caesar. || Brutus || Caesar || Brutus || Caesar
|-
|-
| (2) {{t|Mủ chỏıdea mí Kảısary mí Bủtusy da.}}<br>Caesar is-stabbed-by Brutus. || Caesar || Brutus || Brutus || Caesar
| (2) {{t|Bọchoıdea mí Kaısa mí Butusu da.}}<br>Caesar is-stabbed-by Brutus. || Caesar || Brutus || Brutus || Caesar
|}
|}


Note that the assignment of Agent and Patient roles to Brutus and Caesar happens “automatically” according to the semantics of {{t|choıdea}}. To stab is for an agent to stab a patient.
Note that the assignment of Agent and Patient roles to Brutus and Caesar happens “automatically” according to the semantics of {{t|choıdea}}. To stab is for an agent to stab a patient.


We can further dress the event up with an “instrument” using a thematic role word:
We can further dress the event up with a “benefactor” using a preposition:


<blockquote>(3) {{t|Chỏıdea mí Bủtusy mí Kảısary <u>chòu</u> sa tỏemy da.}}<br>(4) {{t|Mủ chỏıdea mí Kảısary mí Bủtusy <u>chòu</u> sa tỏemy da.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote>(3) {{t|Choıdea mí Butusu mí Kaısa <u>nhûq</u> mí Loqgınu da.}}<br>(4) {{t|Bọchoıdea mí Kaısa mí Butusu <u>nhûq</u> mí Loqgınu da.}}</blockquote>


We say that the stabbing-event, or the being-stabbed-event, “happens using” a knife.
We say that the stabbing-event, or the being-stabbed-event, “happens for” Longinus's sake.
 
=== In Toaq deep [[syntax]] ===
 
(TODO: mention Spec𝑣P thematic role assignment vs. Spec/CompVP syntactic roles)


== Table of thematic role words ==
== Table of thematic role words ==


Each of these has a definition like: “___ is an event with ___ as its '''(Role)'''.”
Each of these has a definition like: “___ is an event with ___ as its '''(Role)'''.”. The first column lists “transparent” forms, or one that are built from some representative root (like {{t|lıe}} ‘to experience’ for Experiencer, etc.). The second column is a made-up root that has the same meaning, but offers the convenience of being shorter or more elegant than its “transparent” counterpart – note that the word forms with an outgoing link (↗) are unofficial.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Toaq word !! Role !! Example
! colspan=3 | Toaq word
! rowspan=2 | Role
! rowspan=2 | Example
|-
! style="font-weight: normal; font-style: italic;" colspan=2 | Transparent
! style="font-weight: normal; font-style: italic;" | Opaque
|-
| {{t|bọtua}}
| {{t|tuacha}}
| {{t|ecı||ecı%20@TheAndSys}}
| Actor
| {{t|bộtua jí}}, “<u>brought about by</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|chou}}
| {{t|bọtao}}
| Instrument
| {{t|taocha}}
| {{t|chòu sa tỏemy}}, “<u>using</u> a knife”
|
| Intentional actor
| {{t|bộtao jí}}, “<u>done by</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|bọne}}
| ({{t|necha}})
| {{t|nhe}}
| {{t|nhe}}
| Extent
| Extent
| {{t|lỏq náo nhè néıheı kẻıcıu}}, “the water is <u>90°C</u> hot”
| {{t|loq náo nhê néıheı keıcıu}}, “the water is <u>90°C</u> hot”
|-
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | Words below this line are unofficial
|
|
| {{t|zuo}}
| Purpose
| {{t|zûo ꝡä jaı súq}}, “<u>so that</u> you may be happy”
|-
|-
| {{t|sıy}}
|
| Starting point, source, origin
|
| {{t|jảra nháo sìy búe}}, “they run <u>from</u> the house”
| {{t|fana}}
|-
| {{t|fay}}
| End point, direction, goal
| End point, direction, goal
| {{t|jảra nháo fày búe}}, “they run <u>toward</u> the house”
| {{t|jara nháo fâna búe}}, “they run <u>toward</u> the house”
|-
|-
| {{t|puoq}}
|
| Purpose
|
| {{t|pùoq jâı súq}}, “<u>so that</u> you may be happy”
| {{t|duo}}
| Duration
| {{t|jara nháo dûo sá hora}}, “they run <u>for</u> an hour”
|-
|-
| {{t|gekyı}}<ref>{{t|kyı}} is an invalid syllable, marking these words as somewhat more experimental than the others.</ref>
|
| Stimulus
|
| {{t|ảchu jí gèkyı hóegıo}}, “I sneeze <u>from</u> the sunlight”
| {{t|kuı}}
| Reason
| {{t|soa jí súq kûı ꝡä paı súq jí}}, “I help you <u>because</u> you're my friend”
|-
|-
| {{t|juqkyı}}
|
| Recipient, benefactor
|
| {{t|sủaq jí jùqkyı súq}}, “I sing <u>for</u> you”
| {{t|sını}}
| Starting point, source, origin
| {{t|jara nháo sînı búe}}, “they run <u>from</u> the house”
|-
|-
| {{t|toıkyı}}
|
| Agent
| {{t|gecha}}
| {{t|pỏaq núoqmy tòıkyı jí}}, “the mirror shatters <u>by my doing</u>”
| {{t|gem||head:gem%20@uakci}}
| Stimulus
| {{t|achu jí gêm hóegıo}}, “I sneeze <u>from</u> the sunlight”
|-
|-
| {{t|tekyı}}
|
| {{t|techa}}
|
| Patient
| Patient
| {{t|rủqshua tètyı jí}}, “it rains <u>on (affecting, i.e. wetting)</u> me”
| {{t|ruqshua têcha jí}}, “it rains <u>on (affecting, i.e. wetting)</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|taqkyı}}
|
| {{t|taqcha}}
|
| Agent + patient (affecting self)
| Agent + patient (affecting self)
|  
|
|-
|-
| {{t|lıekyı}}
|
| {{t|lıecha}}
|
| Experiencer
| Experiencer
|
|
|-
|
| {{t|juqcha}}
| {{t|com||com%20@lynn}}
| (Intended) recipient
| {{t|shoı jí côm súq}}, “I shout <u>at</u> you” <br> {{t|kuq jí sá côm súq}}, “I say something <u>to</u> you” <br> {{t|juo ní côm súq}} “This is a letter <u>for</u> you”
|}
|}


“Agent” and “patient” roles are usually baked into a transitive verb, so translating {{t|toıkyı}} and {{t|tekyı}} can be a bit tricky or ambiguous.
“Agent” and “patient” roles are usually baked into a transitive verb, so translating {{t|toıcha}} and {{t|techa}} can be a bit tricky or ambiguous.
Retrieved from "https://toaq.me/Special:MobileDiff/791...1430"