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Thematic role (view source)

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Some examples of thematic roles are:
Some examples of thematic roles are:
* “agent”: who is willfully causing this event?
* “agent”: who is willfully causing this event?
* “instrument”: what is used to carry out this event?
* “benefactor”: who benefits from this event?
* “patient”: who or what is affected/changed by this event?
* “patient”: who or what is affected/changed by this event?


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<blockquote>{{t|choıdea}}: ___ stabs ___.</blockquote>
<blockquote>{{t|choıdea}}: ___ stabs ___.</blockquote>


Whereas thematic roles are represented using verbs that relate an event to an object, generally used as [[prepositions]] ({{tone|6}}):
Whereas thematic roles are represented using verbs that relate an event to an object, generally used as [[prepositions]] ({{done|4}}):


<blockquote>{{t|chou}}: ___ is an event with ___ as its instrument.</blockquote>
<blockquote>{{t|nhuq}}: ___ happens for ___'s benefit.</blockquote>


=== An example ===
=== An example ===
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! Subject !! Object !! Agent !! Patient
! Subject !! Object !! Agent !! Patient
|-
|-
| (1) {{t|Chỏıdea mí Bủtusy mí Kảısary da.}}<br>Brutus stabs Caesar. || Brutus || Caesar || Brutus || Caesar
| (1) {{t|Choıdea mí Butusu mí Kaısa da.}}<br>Brutus stabs Caesar. || Brutus || Caesar || Brutus || Caesar
|-
|-
| (2) {{t|Mủ chỏıdea mí Kảısary mí Bủtusy da.}}<br>Caesar is-stabbed-by Brutus. || Caesar || Brutus || Brutus || Caesar
| (2) {{t|Bọchoıdea mí Kaısa mí Butusu da.}}<br>Caesar is-stabbed-by Brutus. || Caesar || Brutus || Brutus || Caesar
|}
|}


Note that the assignment of Agent and Patient roles to Brutus and Caesar happens “automatically” according to the semantics of {{t|choıdea}}. To stab is for an agent to stab a patient.
Note that the assignment of Agent and Patient roles to Brutus and Caesar happens “automatically” according to the semantics of {{t|choıdea}}. To stab is for an agent to stab a patient.


We can further dress the event up with an “instrument” using a thematic role word:
We can further dress the event up with a “benefactor” using a preposition:


<blockquote>(3) {{t|Chỏıdea mí Bủtusy mí Kảısary <u>chòu</u> sa tỏemy da.}}<br>(4) {{t|Mủ chỏıdea mí Kảısary mí Bủtusy <u>chòu</u> sa tỏemy da.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote>(3) {{t|Choıdea mí Butusu mí Kaısa <u>nhûq</u> mí Loqgınu da.}}<br>(4) {{t|Bọchoıdea mí Kaısa mí Butusu <u>nhûq</u> mí Loqgınu da.}}</blockquote>


We say that the stabbing-event, or the being-stabbed-event, “happens using” a knife.
We say that the stabbing-event, or the being-stabbed-event, “happens for” Longinus's sake.


== Table of thematic role words ==
== Table of thematic role words ==
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! Toaq word !! Role !! Example
! Toaq word !! Role !! Example
|-
|-
| {{t|chou}}
| {{t|bọtua}}
| Instrument
| Actor
| {{t|chòu sa tỏemy}}, “<u>using</u> a knife”
| {{t|bộtua jí}}, “<u>brought about by</u> me”
|-
| {{t|bọtao}}
| Intentional actor
| {{t|bộtao jí}}, “<u>done by</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|nhe}}
| {{t|nhe}}
| Extent
| Extent
| {{t|lỏq náo nhè néıheı kẻıcıu}}, “the water is <u>90°C</u> hot”
| {{t|loq náo nhê néıheı keıcıu}}, “the water is <u>90°C</u> hot”
|-
| {{t|zuo}}
| Purpose
| {{t|zûo ꝡä jaı súq}}, “<u>so that</u> you may be happy”
|-
| {{t|fana}}
| End point, direction, goal
| {{t|jara nháo fâna búe}}, “they run <u>toward</u> the house”
|-
| {{t|duo}}
| Duration
| {{t|jara nháo dûo sá hora}}, “they run <u>for</u> an hour”
|-
| {{t|kuı}}
| Reason
| {{t|soa jí súq kûı ꝡä paı súq jí}}, “I help you <u>because</u> you're my friend”
|-
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | Words below this line are unofficial
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | Words below this line are unofficial
|-
|-
| {{t|sıny / sıy}}
| {{t|sını}}
| Starting point, source, origin
| Starting point, source, origin
| {{t|jảra nháo sìy búe}}, “they run <u>from</u> the house”
| {{t|jara nháo sînı búe}}, “they run <u>from</u> the house”
|-
| {{t|fany / fay}}
| End point, direction, goal
| {{t|jảra nháo fày búe}}, “they run <u>toward</u> the house”
|-
| {{t|puoq}}
| Purpose
| {{t|pùoq jâı súq}}, “<u>so that</u> you may be happy”
|-
|-
| {{t|gekyı}}<ref>{{t|kyı}} is an invalid syllable, marking these words as somewhat more experimental than the others.</ref>
| {{t|gekyı}}<ref>{{t|kyı}} is an invalid syllable, marking these words as somewhat more experimental than the others.</ref>
| Stimulus
| Stimulus
| {{t|ảchu jí gèkyı hóegıo}}, “I sneeze <u>from</u> the sunlight”
| {{t|achu jí gêkyı hóegıo}}, “I sneeze <u>from</u> the sunlight”
|-
| {{t|juqkyı}}
| Recipient, benefactor
| {{t|sủaq jí jùqkyı súq}}, “I sing <u>for</u> you”
|-
| {{t|toıkyı}}
| Agent
| {{t|pỏaq núoqmy tòıkyı jí}}, “the mirror shatters <u>by my doing</u>”
|-
|-
| {{t|tekyı}}
| {{t|tekyı}}
| Patient
| Patient
| {{t|rủqshua tètyı jí}}, “it rains <u>on (affecting, i.e. wetting)</u> me”
| {{t|ruqshua têkyı jí}}, “it rains <u>on (affecting, i.e. wetting)</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|taqkyı}}
| {{t|taqkyı}}
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