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Thematic role (view source)

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{{GammaNote}}
A '''thematic role''' or '''semantic role''' is a way in which an object can relate to an event.
A '''thematic role''' or '''semantic role''' is a way in which an object can relate to an event.


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<blockquote>{{t|choıdea}}: ___ stabs ___.</blockquote>
<blockquote>{{t|choıdea}}: ___ stabs ___.</blockquote>


Whereas thematic roles are represented using verbs that relate an event to an object, generally used as [[prepositions]] ({{done|4}}):
Whereas thematic roles are represented using verbs that relate an event to an object, generally used as [[preposition]]s ({{done|4}}):


<blockquote>{{t|nhuq}}: ___ happens for ___'s benefit.</blockquote>
<blockquote>{{t|nhuq}}: ___ happens for ___'s benefit.</blockquote>
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We say that the stabbing-event, or the being-stabbed-event, “happens for” Longinus's sake.
We say that the stabbing-event, or the being-stabbed-event, “happens for” Longinus's sake.
=== In Toaq deep [[syntax]] ===
(TODO: mention Spec𝑣P thematic role assignment vs. Spec/CompVP syntactic roles)


== Table of thematic role words ==
== Table of thematic role words ==


Each of these has a definition like: “___ is an event with ___ as its '''(Role)'''.”
Each of these has a definition like: “___ is an event with ___ as its '''(Role)'''.”. The first column lists “transparent” forms, or one that are built from some representative root (like {{t|lıe}} ‘to experience’ for Experiencer, etc.). The second column is a made-up root that has the same meaning, but offers the convenience of being shorter or more elegant than its “transparent” counterpart – note that the word forms with an outgoing link (↗) are unofficial.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Toaq word !! Role !! Example
! colspan=3 | Toaq word
! rowspan=2 | Role
! rowspan=2 | Example
|-
! style="font-weight: normal; font-style: italic;" colspan=2 | Transparent
! style="font-weight: normal; font-style: italic;" | Opaque
|-
|-
| {{t|bọtua}}
| {{t|bọtua}}
| {{t|tuacha}}
| {{t|ecı||ecı%20@TheAndSys}}
| Actor
| Actor
| {{t|bộtua jí}}, “<u>brought about by</u> me”
| {{t|bộtua jí}}, “<u>brought about by</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|bọtao}}
| {{t|bọtao}}
| {{t|taocha}}
|
| Intentional actor
| Intentional actor
| {{t|bộtao jí}}, “<u>done by</u> me”
| {{t|bộtao jí}}, “<u>done by</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|bọne}}
| ({{t|necha}})
| {{t|nhe}}
| {{t|nhe}}
| Extent
| Extent
| {{t|loq náo nhê néıheı keıcıu}}, “the water is <u>90°C</u> hot”
| {{t|loq náo nhê néıheı keıcıu}}, “the water is <u>90°C</u> hot”
|-
|-
|
|
| {{t|zuo}}
| {{t|zuo}}
| Purpose
| Purpose
| {{t|zûo ꝡä jaı súq}}, “<u>so that</u> you may be happy”
| {{t|zûo ꝡä jaı súq}}, “<u>so that</u> you may be happy”
|-
|-
|
|
| {{t|fana}}
| {{t|fana}}
| End point, direction, goal
| End point, direction, goal
| {{t|jara nháo fâna búe}}, “they run <u>toward</u> the house”
| {{t|jara nháo fâna búe}}, “they run <u>toward</u> the house”
|-
|-
|
|
| {{t|duo}}
| {{t|duo}}
| Duration
| Duration
| {{t|jara nháo dûo sá hora}}, “they run <u>for</u> an hour”
| {{t|jara nháo dûo sá hora}}, “they run <u>for</u> an hour”
|-
|-
|
|
| {{t|kuı}}
| {{t|kuı}}
| Reason
| Reason
| {{t|soa jí súq kûı ꝡä paı súq jí}}, “I help you <u>because</u> you're my friend”
| {{t|soa jí súq kûı ꝡä paı súq jí}}, “I help you <u>because</u> you're my friend”
|-
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | Words below this line are unofficial
|
|-
|
| {{t|sını}}
| {{t|sını}}
| Starting point, source, origin
| Starting point, source, origin
| {{t|jara nháo sînı búe}}, “they run <u>from</u> the house”
| {{t|jara nháo sînı búe}}, “they run <u>from</u> the house”
|-
|-
| {{t|gekyı}}<ref>{{t|kyı}} is an invalid syllable, marking these words as somewhat more experimental than the others.</ref>
|
| {{t|gecha}}
| {{t|gem||head:gem%20@uakci}}
| Stimulus
| Stimulus
| {{t|achu jí gêkyı hóegıo}}, “I sneeze <u>from</u> the sunlight”
| {{t|achu jí gêm hóegıo}}, “I sneeze <u>from</u> the sunlight”
|-
|-
| {{t|tekyı}}
|
| {{t|techa}}
|
| Patient
| Patient
| {{t|ruqshua têkyı jí}}, “it rains <u>on (affecting, i.e. wetting)</u> me”
| {{t|ruqshua têcha jí}}, “it rains <u>on (affecting, i.e. wetting)</u> me”
|-
|-
| {{t|taqkyı}}
|
| {{t|taqcha}}
|
| Agent + patient (affecting self)
| Agent + patient (affecting self)
|  
|
|-
|-
| {{t|lıekyı}}
|
| {{t|lıecha}}
|
| Experiencer
| Experiencer
|
|
|-
|
| {{t|juqcha}}
| {{t|com||com%20@lynn}}
| (Intended) recipient
| {{t|shoı jí côm súq}}, “I shout <u>at</u> you” <br> {{t|kuq jí sá côm súq}}, “I say something <u>to</u> you” <br> {{t|juo ní côm súq}} “This is a letter <u>for</u> you”
|}
|}


“Agent” and “patient” roles are usually baked into a transitive verb, so translating {{t|toıkyı}} and {{t|tekyı}} can be a bit tricky or ambiguous.
“Agent” and “patient” roles are usually baked into a transitive verb, so translating {{t|toıcha}} and {{t|techa}} can be a bit tricky or ambiguous.
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