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Serial verb: Difference between revisions
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A '''serial verb''' (or '''serial''') (Toaq: {{t|jeotoachue}}) is created when two or more [[verb]]s are placed together. This process is called '''serialization'''. | A '''serial verb''' (or '''serial''') (Toaq: {{t|jeotoachue}}) is created when two or more [[verb]]s are placed together. This process is called '''serialization'''. | ||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
Serial verbs are a powerful construct in Toaq grammar. | Serial verbs are a powerful construct in Toaq grammar. | ||
Any verb with | Any verb with an “event/proposition”, “property”, or “relation” slot at the end can essentially act as an auxiliary verb. See [[Frame]] for how to recognize these slots. | ||
Here is a list of examples to demonstrate the sort of thing serial verbs let you express in Toaq. | Here is a list of examples to demonstrate the sort of thing serial verbs let you express in Toaq. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Property slot: “merge- | |+ Event/proposition slot: “merge-into” | ||
|- | |||
! chı | |||
| ___ believes that | |||
| style=color:red | ___ | |||
| is the case | |||
|- | |||
! zudeq | |||
| | |||
| ___ | |||
| speaks language | |||
| ___ | |||
|- | |||
! chı zudeq | |||
| colspan=4 align=center style=color:green | ___ believes that ___ speaks language ___. | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Property slot: “merge-away one” | |||
|- | |- | ||
! leo | ! leo | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ Relation (binary property) slot: “merge-away two” | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! noa | ||
| | | ___ is difficult to be in relation | ||
| ___ | | style=color:red | ___ | ||
| with | |||
|- | |||
! lım | |||
| | | | ||
| | | style=color:red | ___ understands ___ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! noa lım | ||
| colspan= | | colspan=3 align=center style=color:green | ___ is difficult to understand. | ||
|} | |} | ||
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For more than two verbs, this merging process is right-grouping: | For more than two verbs, this merging process is right-grouping: | ||
{{Example|sheo (leo kuaq)|regret (trying to express)}} | {{Example|sheo (leo kuaq)|regret (trying to express)}} | ||
{{Example|le ( | {{Example|le (taoshao (ceo guaı))|probably (intend to (start working))}} | ||
== Usage == | == Usage == | ||