| Lojban
|
Toaq
|
| Stress segments words |
Tones segment words
|
| .i begins sentences |
Illocution marker ends sentence
|
| .i ku'i… / .i ta'o… |
Sentence connectors: Keo… / Fou…
|
| SVO: .i mi cusku ra do |
VSO: Kủq jí hóq súq da.
|
| brivla, sumti, cmavo |
Verb, noun phrase, particle
|
| cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue |
Interjection: aja, â, obe!
|
| gismu |
Root
|
| lujvo |
Compound word
|
| No equivalent, jvajvo-ish |
Serial verb
|
| vocatives: coi ki'e |
Interjection: jadı, kıjı!
|
| doi + sumti |
hu + NP
|
| zo .djan. cmene la .djan. |
Chủa shú «Jảq» mí Jảq.
|
| Singular logic and "xorlo" |
Plural logic
|
| su'o, ro, lo, le… |
No equivalent, instead…
|
| su'oi, ro'oi, ro'oi pa, ru'oi |
Determiners: sa, tu, tushı, tuq
|
| lo'au, ri'oi |
Determiners: ke, hoı, 
|
| BY, ko'V, vo'V |
Anaphoric pronouns,
|
| No real equivalent, lo'e-ish |
Kinds and baq
|
| prenex zo'u comment |
Prenex bı comment
|
| lo su'u … kei |
Content clause:  … cy
|
| lo ka … ce'u … kei |
Property: … ja … cy
|
| poi … ke'a … ku'o |
Relative clause:  … hóa … cy
|
| noi / soi … ku'o |
Incidental clause: ju … da
|
| lo poi'i … ke'a … kei |
Free relative: lú … hóa … ky
|
| noi'a, soi'a |
Adverbials, namely:
|
| — noi'a melbi |
Adverbs: dẽ 
|
| — noi'a zvati be … |
Prepositions: tì … 
|
| Speaker picks noi'a or soi'a |
Verb is "Type I" or "Type II"
|
| ja ji je jonai jo'u |
ra rı ru ro roı
|
| ga … gi … |
to ra … to …
|
| lu … li'u |
mó … teo
|
| to … toi |
(kıo … kı)
|
| pareci mei |
fue guheı saq (hundred two-ten three)
|
| gismu have max. 5 places |
Roots have max. 3
|
| se, te, ve, xe |
se=mu, but prefer Passivizers
|
| Absent in Toaq:
|
| rafsi |
Compounds retain word forms
|
| zi'evla / fu'ivla |
Not distinguished from roots
|
| tanru |
No equivalent. Use po or serials
|
| mekso |
Use normal grammar or math notation
|
| lerfu |
No special grammar
|
| zo'e, fV |
Absent, must fill places in order
|
| ka'e, na'o, pu, zi, na… |
Auxiliary verbs are just verbs
|
| sumti tcita |
Use any verb as a preposition
|
| lo'u, le'u, zoi |
See Foreign quotation
|