| Lojban
|
Toaq
|
| Stress segments words |
Tones, stress, and vowel length segment words
|
| .i begins sentences |
Illocution marker ends sentence
|
| Usually SVO: .i mi cusku ra do |
VSO: Kuq jí hóq súq da.
|
| brivla, sumti, cmavo |
Verb, noun phrase, particle
|
| cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue |
Interjection: aja, â, obe!
|
| vocatives: coi ki'e |
Interjection: jadı, kıjı!
|
| gismu |
Root
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| lujvo |
Compound word
|
| No equivalent, jvajvo-ish |
Serial verb
|
| doi sumti |
hóı NP
|
| zo .djan. cmene la .djan. |
Chua shú «Jaq» mí Jaq.
|
| Singular logic and "xorlo" |
Plural logic
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| su'o, ro, lo, le… |
No equivalent, instead…
|
| su'oi, ro'oi, ro'oi pa, ru'oi |
Determiners: sá, tú, túq
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| lo'au, ri'oi, dau'u |
Determiners: ké, hú, 
|
| BY, ko'V, vo'V |
Anaphoric pronouns,
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| No real equivalent, lo'e-ish |
Kinds and báq
|
| prenex zo'u stmt |
Topic bï comment, Cleft verb nä
|
| lo du'u … |
Content clause: ꝡä …
|
| lo nu … |
Event accessor: é …
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| lo ka … ce'u … |
Property: lä … já …
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| poi … ke'a … |
Restrictive relative clause: wë … hóa …
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| noi … ke'a … |
Incidental relative clause: jü … hóa …
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| lo poi'i … ke'a … |
Free relative: ꝡé … hóa …
|
| noi'a |
Adverbials  , namely:
|
| — noi'a melbi |
Adverb: dê
|
| — noi'a zvati be lo purdi |
Preposition: tî sóaq
|
| noi'o'a fengu |
Subject-sharing adverbial: fêı
|
| ja ji je jonai jo'u |
ra rı ru ro roı
|
| lu … li'u |
mó … teo
|
| to … toi |
kïo … kı
|
| pareci mei'i |
fue guheı saq (hundred two-ten three)
|
| gismu have max. 5 places |
Roots have max. 3
|
| se, te, ve, xe |
Passivizers
|
| Absent in Toaq:
|
| rafsi |
Compounds retain unabbreviated word forms
|
| zi'evla / fu'ivla |
Not distinguished from roots
|
| tanru |
No equivalent. Use po or serials
|
| mekso |
Use normal grammar or math notation
|
| lerfu |
No special grammar
|
| ga … gi … |
No forethought connectives
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| zo'e, fV |
Absent, must fill places in order
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| ka'e, na'o, pu, zi, na… |
Auxiliary verbs are just verbs
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| sumti tcita |
Use any verb as a preposition
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| lo'u, le'u, zoi |
See Foreign quotation
|