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There have been a few published versions of Toaq:
There have been a few published versions of Toaq:


* '''Toaq (Dzu) alpha''', released in August 2013, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20150427014613/http://selpahi.de/ToaqAlphaPrimer.html here].
* '''Toaq (Dzu) Alpha''', released in August 2013, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20150427014613/http://selpahi.de/ToaqAlphaPrimer.html here].
* '''Toaq beta''', released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20170924135345/http://toaq.org/ here].
* '''Toaq Beta''', released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20170924135345/http://toaq.org/ here].
* '''Toaq gamma''', the current version, released in September 2021 on [[toaq.net]], documented in the [[refgram]].
* '''Toaq Gamma''', released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the [https://toaq.net/gamma Gamma refgram].
* '''Toaq Delta''', the current version, released 6 December 2022 on [https://toaq.net toaq.net], documented in the [https://toaq.net Delta refgram].


Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq beta was a complete reboot.
Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot.


Between the beta and gamma versions, there were [[Changes since Public Beta|gradual official changes]] in the language as spoken on [[Discord]] and elsewhere.
Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were [[Changes since Public Beta|gradual official changes]] in the language as spoken on [[Discord]] and elsewhere.


== Comparison of versions ==
== Comparison of versions ==
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! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#eaccd0" | Alpha (2013)
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#eaccd0" | Alpha (2013)
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#efe7d0" | Beta (2017)
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#efe7d0" | Beta (2017)
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#cadcf0" | Gamma (2021)
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#caf0dc" | Gamma (2021)
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#cadcf0" |Delta (2022)
|-
|-
! Consonants
!Consonants
| It had /v/ and /ʒ/.
|/m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h <span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">v z ʒ</span> r l <span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">w j</span>/ (20)
| /m n ŋ pʰ b tʰ d kʰ g t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ f s ɕ h ɾ l/
|/m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18)
| Beta + /ɲ d͡z ʔ/
|Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21)
|Gamma + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">w~j</span>/ (22)
|-
|-
! Vowels
!Vowels  
| /a e i o u/
|/a e i o u/
| /a e i o u/
|/a e i o u/
| Beta + /ə/
|/a e i o u <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ə</span>/
|/a e i o u/
|-
|-
! Phonotactics
!Phonotactics
| There were glides (/gja/ "meet"),<br>long vowels (/daː/ "woman"),<br>consonant clusters (/sna/ "house").
|There were glides (/gja/ "meet"),<br>long vowels (/daː/ "woman"),<br>consonant clusters (/sna/ "house").  
| Good old CV(q).
|At most CVVG.
| Still CV(q). Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(q).
|Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G).
|(C)V(Q) or (C)F
C - onset consonant
V - vowel
F - falling diphthong
Q - {/ŋ/, /m/}
|-
|-
! Tones
!Tones
| 8 + neutral: {{t|āáăảâàãạa}}<ref>There was seemingly no {{tone|5}} equivalent. There were three {{tone|6}} equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).</ref>
|8 + neutral: {{t|āáăảâàãạa}}<ref>There was seemingly no {{tone|5}} equivalent. There were three {{tone|6}} equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).</ref>
| 7 + neutral: {{tone|1}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|3old}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}}
|7 + neutral: {{tone|1}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|3old}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}}
| 6 + neutral: {{tone|2}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}}<br>Tone is per-word, not per-syllable.
|6 + neutral: {{tone|2}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}}<br>Tone is per-word, not per-syllable.
<!--|-
<!--|-
! Argument phrases
! Argument phrases
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| Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}}
| Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}}
| {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)-->
| {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)-->
|4: {{Done|1}}{{Done|2}}{{Done|3}}{{Done|4}}
|-
|-
! “You are very beautiful”
!“You are very beautiful”
| {{t|Tōu dāe téq na.}}
|{{t|Tōu dāe téq na.}}
| {{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}}
|{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}}
| {{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}}
|{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}}
|{{t|Jaq de súq da.}}
|-
|-
! “The John who met you is my friend”
!“The John who met you is my friend”
| {{t|Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.}}<ref>I have assumed that {{t|ca}} is ancient {{t|hóa}}. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)</ref>
|{{t|Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.}}<ref>I have assumed that {{t|ca}} is ancient {{t|hóa}}. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)</ref>
| {{t|Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}}
|{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}}
| {{t|Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}}
|{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}}
|{{t|<u>Paı</u> mí Jaq <u>ꝡë</u> <u>geq</u> hóa súq jí da.}}
|}
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 00:29, 17 January 2023

There have been a few published versions of Toaq:

  • Toaq (Dzu) Alpha, released in August 2013, documented here.
  • Toaq Beta, released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented here.
  • Toaq Gamma, released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the Gamma refgram.
  • Toaq Delta, the current version, released 6 December 2022 on toaq.net, documented in the Delta refgram.

Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot.

Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were gradual official changes in the language as spoken on Discord and elsewhere.

Comparison of versions

Alpha (2013) Beta (2017) Gamma (2021) Delta (2022)
Consonants /m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h v z ʒ r l w j/ (20) /m n ŋ pʰ b tʰ d kʰ g t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ f s ɕ h ɾ l/ (18) Beta + /ɲ d͡z ʔ/ (21) Gamma + /w~j/ (22)
Vowels /a e i o u/ /a e i o u/ /a e i o u ə/ /a e i o u/
Phonotactics There were glides (/gja/ "meet"),
long vowels (/daː/ "woman"),
consonant clusters (/sna/ "house"). 		At most CVVG. Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G). (C)V(Q) or (C)F

C - onset consonant V - vowel F - falling diphthong Q - {/ŋ/, /m/}

Tones 8 + neutral: āáăảâàãạa[1] 7 + neutral: flat tonerising tonefalling-rising tone (obsolete 3rd tone)falling tonerising-falling tonemid-falling tonefalling creaky toneneutral tone 6 + neutral: rising tonerising-creaky tonefalling tonerising-falling tonemid-falling tonefalling creaky toneneutral tone
Tone is per-word, not per-syllable. 		4: falling tonerising toneglottal tonehiatus tone
“You are very beautiful” Tōu dāe téq na. Jảq dẻ súq da. Jảq dẻ súq da. Jaq de súq da.
“The John who met you is my friend” Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.[2] Pảı mí Jảq gěq hóa súq na jí da. Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq cy jí da. Paı mí Jaq ꝡë geq hóa súq jí da.
  1. ↑ There was seemingly no rising-falling tone equivalent. There were three mid-falling tone equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).
  2. ↑ I have assumed that ca is ancient hóa. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)
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