Prosody: Difference between revisions

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{{gammaNote}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Syllable shapes
|+ Syllable shapes
Line 6: Line 6:
! rowspan="3" | Final
! rowspan="3" | Final
! rowspan="2" | Unstressed
! rowspan="2" | Unstressed
! colspan="4" | Stressed
! colspan="3" | Stressed
|-
|-
! No hiatus
! No hiatus
! Hiatus present
! colspan=2 | Hiatus present
|-
|-
! {{tone|0}}<ref group=nb name=neutral />
! {{tone|0}}<ref group=nb name=neutral />
! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! alternate<ref group=nb name=magi />
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | ∅
! rowspan="2" | ∅
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| V
| V
| Vː
| Vː
| V₁.V₁
| colspan=2 | V₁.V₁
|-
|-
! Vv<ref group=nb name=v />
! Vx<ref group=nb name=x />
| Vv
| Vx
| Vv
| Vx
| V₁.V₁v
| colspan=2 |  V₁.V₁x
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | V
! rowspan="3" | V
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| V₁ː.V₂
| V₁ː.V₂
| V₁.V₁.V₂
| V₁.V₁.V₂
| '''V₁ː.V₂'''
|-
|-
! Vv<ref group=nb name=v />
! Vx<ref group=nb name=x />
| V₁.V₂v
| V₁.V₂x
| V₁ː.V₂v
| V₁ː.V₂x
| V₁.V₁.V₂v
| V₁.V₁.V₂x
| rowspan=2 | '''V₁ː.V₂x'''
|-
|-
! ˈaw<ref group=nb name=restress />
! ˈaw<ref group=nb name=restress />
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|}
|}
<references group=nb>
<references group=nb>
<ref name=v>Stands for final /j/, /w/, /ŋ/.</ref>
<ref name=x>Stands for any of the three permissible codal consonants – /j/, /w/, /ŋ/ – which turn a preceding /u i o/ into its allophonic variant [ʊ ɪ ɔ] respectively, as well as eliminate any lengthening.</ref>
<ref name=neutral>Includes the continuation tone (belonging to non-initial syllables of multisyllabic words).</ref>
<ref name=neutral>Includes the continuation tone (belonging to non-initial syllables of multisyllabic words).</ref>
<ref name=restress>Special-cased since it shifts stress.</ref>
<ref name=restress>Special-cased since it shifts stress.</ref>
<ref name=magi>[[magı]]’s alternate system where hiatus tones do not reduplicate any vowels, but leverage existing hiatuses in the word. In addition, /Vaw/ is not given special treatment in this system and remains initially stressed.</ref>
</references>
</references>


Phone-based mora counts ([V] = 1 mora; [Vː], [Vv] = 2 morae):
Phone-based mora counts ([V] = 1 mora; [Vː], [Vx] = 2 morae; unchanged by magı’s alternate system):
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
|-
|-
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! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! alternate
|-
|-
! /V/
! /V/
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 2
| 2
| colspan=2 | 2
|-
|-
! /Vv/
! /Vx/
| colspan=2 | 2
| colspan=2 | 2
| 3
| colspan=2 | 3
|-
|-
! /VV/
! /VV/
| 2
| 2
| 3
| 3
| 3
| colspan=2 | 3
|-
|-
! /VVv/
! /VVx/
| 3
| 3
| 4
| 4
| 4
| colspan=2 | 4
|-
|-
! /Vaw/
! /Vaw/
| colspan=2 | 3
| colspan=2 | 3
| 4
| colspan=2 | 4
|}
|}


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! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! alternate
|-
|-
! /V/
! /V/
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 colspan=1 | 2
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | 2
|-
|-
! /Vv/
! /Vx/
|-
|-
! /VV/
! /VV/
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=3 colspan=1 | 3
| rowspan=3 colspan=1 | 3
| rowspan=3 colspan=1 | '''2'''
|-
|-
! /VVv/
! /VVx/
|-
|-
! /Vaw/
! /Vaw/
|}
|}


Hiatus-based mora counts if hiatus-adding tones don’t reduplicate the first vowel (as in [kuː˧˥.aj˥˩]):
Mixed hiatus- and phone-based mora counts (each hiatus [.], as well as drawn-out vowel [ː] adds 1 mora):
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
|-
|-
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! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|4}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|6}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! {{tone|5}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|7}}
! alternate
|-
|-
! /V/
! /V/
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | 1
| 1
| rowspan=4 colspan=1 | 2
| 2
| colspan=2 | 2
|-
|-
! /Vv/
! /Vx/
| 1
| 1
| colspan=2 | 2
|-
|-
! /VV/
! /VV/
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=2 | 3
| rowspan=2 | 3
| rowspan=2 | '''3'''
|-
|-
! /VVv/
! /VVx/
|-
|-
! /Vaw/
! /Vaw/
| 3
| 2
| 2/'''3'''
| rowspan=2 | 3
| '''3'''
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 13:32, 8 December 2024

Toaq Gamma This page was written for Toaq Gamma. Its contents are not yet up to date with the latest version of Toaq, Toaq Delta.
Syllable shapes
Medial Final Unstressed Stressed
No hiatus Hiatus present
neutral tone[nb 1] falling tonerising tonemid-falling tone rising-falling tonerising-creaky tonefalling creaky tone alternate[nb 2]
∅ V V Vː V₁.V₁
Vx[nb 3] Vx Vx V₁.V₁x
V V V₁.V₂ V₁ː.V₂ V₁.V₁.V₂ V₁ː.V₂
Vx[nb 3] V₁.V₂x V₁ː.V₂x V₁.V₁.V₂x V₁ː.V₂x
ˈaw[nb 4] V.ˈaw V.ˈaw V.ˈa.aw
  1. ↑ Includes the continuation tone (belonging to non-initial syllables of multisyllabic words).
  2. ↑ magı’s alternate system where hiatus tones do not reduplicate any vowels, but leverage existing hiatuses in the word. In addition, /Vaw/ is not given special treatment in this system and remains initially stressed.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stands for any of the three permissible codal consonants – /j/, /w/, /ŋ/ – which turn a preceding /u i o/ into its allophonic variant [ʊ ɪ ɔ] respectively, as well as eliminate any lengthening.
  4. ↑ Special-cased since it shifts stress.

Phone-based mora counts ([V] = 1 mora; [Vː], [Vx] = 2 morae; unchanged by magı’s alternate system):

neutral tone falling tonerising tonemid-falling tone rising-falling tonerising-creaky tonefalling creaky tone alternate
/V/ 1 2 2
/Vx/ 2 3
/VV/ 2 3 3
/VVx/ 3 4 4
/Vaw/ 3 4

Hiatus-based mora counts (each hiatus [.] adds 1 mora):

neutral tone falling tonerising tonemid-falling tone rising-falling tonerising-creaky tonefalling creaky tone alternate
/V/ 1 2
/Vx/
/VV/ 2 3 2
/VVx/
/Vaw/

Mixed hiatus- and phone-based mora counts (each hiatus [.], as well as drawn-out vowel [ː] adds 1 mora):

neutral tone falling tonerising tonemid-falling tone rising-falling tonerising-creaky tonefalling creaky tone alternate
/V/ 1 2 2
/Vx/ 1 1 2
/VV/ 2 3 3 3
/VVx/
/Vaw/ 2 2/3 3 3
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