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Archive:Terminator: Difference between revisions
→Toaq Delta: Mark '''ꝡe''' as unofficial
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{{Hatnote|This applied to previous versions of Toaq but does not apply to the current version. See [[#Toaq Delta]].}} | |||
:''Not to be confused with [[wikipedia:Terminator_(franchise)|Terminator]].'' | :''Not to be confused with [[wikipedia:Terminator_(franchise)|Terminator]].'' | ||
A '''terminator''' is a [[particle]] that carries no meaning whose purpose is to show where a [[phrase]] of a certain kind ends. Some [[particle]]s, like {{t|po}}, {{t|mı}}, {{tone|5}}, open phrase – for example, {{t|po}} expects a [[noun phrase]] to immediately follow, and {{tone|5}} opens a [[clause|full “nested sentence”]]. And sometimes it is necessary to specify where that phrase ends, for unambiguity’s sake. | A '''terminator''' is a [[particle]] (that carries no meaning) whose purpose is to show where a [[phrase]] of a certain kind ends. Some [[particle]]s, like {{t|po}}, {{t|mı}}, {{tone|5}}, open a new phrase – for example, {{t|po}} expects a [[noun phrase]] to immediately follow, and {{tone|5}} opens a [[clause|full “nested sentence”]]. And sometimes it is necessary to specify where that phrase ends, for unambiguity’s sake. | ||
== A common example: {{class|po|object-incorporating verb}} phrases == | == A common example: {{class|po|object-incorporating verb}} phrases == | ||
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(Note: some internal CopVP structure was omitted for brevity.) | (Note: some internal CopVP structure was omitted for brevity.) X<sub>F</sub>P is an arbitrary convention for a phrase that terminates XP; see [https://github.com/toaq/zugai/issues/10 this] issue on the [[zugaı]] issue tracker for normative diagrams. | ||
In fact it would not be far-fetched to remove terminators from a future version of Toaq in their entirety. This quote due to [[And Rosta]]: | |||
: I agree both that spoken parentheses (as they are described and conceptualized by the loglangs that employ them) are unnatural and that they can be reconceptualized as something more natural. What's less redeemable, I think, is the unnaturalness of the conditions on the so-called elidability of the terminators. As a loglanger I should hardly carp at unnaturalness, but I would at least want the conditions to be explicitly specified and demonstrated to be ergonomic. My introspective sense is that it's easy enough to insert/unelide terminators at a kind of editing and proofreading stage, a stage at which you tweak the text to avoid misparses by the reader, but not at the first stage of composition, nor easy to formulate the rules of elidability. | |||
== Avoiding terminators altogether == | == Avoiding terminators altogether == | ||
It | It usually suffices to place heavy constituents on the far right of a sentence, corroborating Toaq’s right-branching syntax, and if necessary move any interlopers to the [[topic]] (which is terminated by {{t|bı}} – but this terminator usage is fine because a topic phrase is not ''introduced'' by any particle). Here’s an example of these repair strategies in use: | ||
<blockquote><poem> | <blockquote><poem> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| {{class|lu|free relative clause (as in “the one who …”)}} || {{t|ky}} | | {{class|lu|free relative clause (as in “the one who …”)}} || {{t|ky}} | ||
| {{t|Mảı jí sa <u>lủ mảı hóa fúy</u> da}} ''I love somebody who loves me'' || {{t|<u>Lủ mảı hóa jí ky</u> nháo da}} ''They are such that | | {{t|Mảı jí sa <u>lủ mảı hóa fúy</u> da}} ''I love somebody who loves me'' || {{t|<u>Lủ mảı hóa jí ky</u> nháo da}} ''They are such that they love me'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[clause]] ({{tone|3}} or {{tone|5}}) || {{t|cy}}<ref group=note name=type-2-termination /> | | [[clause]] ({{tone|3}} or {{tone|5}}) || {{t|cy}}<ref group=note name=type-2-termination /> | ||
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| {{t|Gảı jí sa rủa da, ju kủao máq da}} ''I saw a flower, which was green.'' | | {{t|Gảı jí sa rủa da, ju kủao máq da}} ''I saw a flower, which was green.'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Toaq Delta {{Delta}}== | |||
Toaq Delta no longer uses the terminators described as skippable above. It also does not use {{class|da|illocution}} to terminate {{T|ju}}. | |||
For {{class|po|object-incorporating verbs}} and {{class|mı|name marker}}, they now come after what they describe, as with all other adjectives. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Toaq Delta | |||
!Toaq Gamma | |||
!English | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|nıaı po súq}} | |||
|{{t|<u>pỏ súq ga</u> nỉaı}} | |||
|your animal | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|káto mı mıao}} | |||
|{{t|<u>mỉ mỉao ga</u> kảto}} | |||
|“Moon” the cat | |||
|} | |||
For subordinate clauses and relative clauses, [[self-termination]] is applied, meaning if an argument is added after a subclause or relative clause has already been “filled,” the argument will go to the level above. An unfortunate side effect of this is that now, one cannot attach an adverbial to a main clause that ends with a subordinate clause because it would attach to that subclause instead. The same is true for relative clauses. Instead, one should move the adverbial to come after the verb but before the first argument. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Toaq Delta | |||
!Toaq Gamma | |||
!English | |||
|- | |||
|{{unofficial|{{t|<u>Ꝡe maı hóa jí</u> nháo da}}}}||{{t|<u>Lủ mảı hóa jí ky</u> nháo da}} | |||
|They are such that they love me. | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|Paı káto <u>ꝡë zudeq hóa Tóaqzu</u> tú da}}||{{t|Pảı káto <u>züdeq hóa Tóaqzu cy</u> tu da}} | |||
|The cat who speaks Toaq is a friend to all. | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|Ca <u>é tı súq ní</u> <u>ꝡä jaı jí</u> da.}}||{{t|Cả <u>tî súq ní cy</u> <u>jâı jí (cy)</u> da.}} | |||
|You being here makes me happy. | |||
|} | |||
{{t|Mo}}, {{t|kıo}}, and topics and still terminated by {{t|teo}}, {{t|kı}}, and {{t|bï}} (previously {{t|bı}}), respectively. | |||